Temporomandibular Eklemde Görülen Dejeneratif Hastalıklarda Tanı ve Tedavi Planlaması
Synopsis
Temporomandibular Eklemin Dejeneratif Hastalıkları (TMEDH); popülasyonda sıklıkla karşılaşılan ve Temporomandibular Eklem (TME) komponentlerinde farklı seviyelerde yıkım ile karakterize bir eklem hastalığıdır. Geçmişten bugüne kadar literatürde çeşitli sınıflandırma yöntemleri ve tedavi prensiplerinden bahsedilmiştir. Radyolojik tanı yöntemi olarak; Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme (MRG), Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (KIBT), Ultrasonografi (USG), Nükleer Tıp ve Artrografi gibi yöntemler kullanılır. Klinik muayenede ağrı, hareket kısıtlılığı ve eklem sesleri gibi parametreler göz önünde bulundurulur. Tüm bu değerlendirmeler sonucunda elde edilen bulgular ile doğru teşhisin koyulması gerekir. Hastalığın derecesine bağlı olarak non-invaziv, minimal invaziv ve invaziv tedavi seçenekleri arasından bir tedavi planlanması yapılmalıdır. Tedavide başarı elde edebilmek için hastalığa sebep olan faktörleri ortadan kaldırmak ve semptomların gerilemesini sağlamak gerekir.
Temporomandibular Joint Degenerative Diseases: (TMJDD); It is a joint disease that is frequently encountered in the population and is characterized by destruction at different levels in Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) components. Various classification methods and treatment principles have been mentioned in the literature from past to present. As a radiological diagnostic method; Methods such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), Ultrasonography (USG), Nuclear Medicine and Arthrography are used. In the clinical examination, parameters such as pain, limitation of movement and joint sounds are taken into consideration. The correct diagnosis must be made with the findings obtained as a result of all these evaluations. Depending on the degree of the disease, a treatment plan should be made among non-invasive, minimally invasive and invasive treatment options. In order to achieve success in treatment, it is necessary to eliminate the factors that cause the disease and ensure that the symptoms regress.
References
de Bont LGM, Temporomandibular joint degenerative diseases: pathogenesis, Stegenga B., de Bont LGM. (ed), Management of temporomandibular joint degenerative diseases: biologic basis and treatment outcome. Springer Science & Business. Basel/Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag; 1996. p. 3-11.
Robin G, Al-Ani Z. Temporomandibular Bozukluklar Problem Bazlı Yaklaşım. (Hanefi KURT, Çev. Ed.). İstanbul: Medya Yayın Grubu; 2016. p. 6.
Çandırlı C, Demirkol M. Temporomandibular Eklem Cerrahisi. Ankara: Güneş Tıp Kitabevi; 2018. p.3,80
Boudewijn S., Temporomandibular joint degenerative diseases: clinical diagnosis, Stegenga B., de Bont LGM. (ed), Management of temporomandibular joint degenerative diseases: biologic basis and treatment outcome. Springer Science & Business. Basel/Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag; 1996. p. 12-23.
Rivanor RLC, Chaves HV, Val DR, et al. A Lectin from the Green Seaweed Caulerpa Cupressoides Reduces Mechanical Hyper-Nociception and Inflammation in the Rat Temporomandibular Joint During Zymosan-Induced Arthritis. International Immunopharmacology. 2014;21:34–43
Celiker R, Gokce-Kutsal Y, Eryilmaz M. Temporomandibular Joint Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Relationship with Disease Activity. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 1995;24:22–5
Pedersen TK, Jensen JJ, Melsen B, et al. Resorption of the temporomandibular condylar bone according to subtypes of juvenile chronic arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2001; 28:2109–2115.
Sheppard IM, Sheppard SM, Maximal incisal opening: a diagnostic index? The Journal of Dental Medicine. 1965; 20:13–15.
Ingervall B, Range of movement of mandible in children. Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research. 1970; 78:311–322.
Taurog JD, Chhabra A, Colbert RA, Ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016; 374(26), 2563-2574.
Sieper J, Poddubnyy D, Axial spondyloarthritis. The Lancet. 2017;390(10089), 73-84.
Aceves-Avila FJ, Chávez-López M, Chavira-González JR, et al. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction in various rheumatic diseases. Reumatismo. 2013;65(3), 126-130.
Bilgin E, Bilgin E, Özdemir O, et al. Temporomandibular disorders in ankylosing spondylitis: a cross-sectional, monocentric study. Rheumatology International. 2020;40(6), 933-940.
Mrowietz U, Kragballe K, Reich K, et al. Definition of treatment goals for moderate to severe psoriasis: a European consensus. Archives Of Dermatological Research. 2011;303, 1-10.
Baskan S, Zengıngul A. Temporomandibular joint, disorders and approaches. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment. 2006 20(2), 151-155.
Roopa R, Malarkodi T, Azariah E, et al. The involvement of temporomandibular joint in psoriatic arthritis: a report of a rare case. Cureus. 2021;13(12).
Hannu T, Inman R, Granfors, K, et al. Reactive arthritis or post-infectious arthritis? Best practice & research Clinical rheumatology. 2006;20(3), 419-433.
Inman RD, Whittum-Hudson JA, Schumacher HR, et al. Chlamydia and associated arthritis. Current opinion in rheumatology. 2000;12(4), 254-262.
Könönen M, Signs and Symptoms of Craniomandibular Disorders in Men With Reiter's Disease. Journal of Craniomandibular Disorders. 1992;6(4).
Ferraz DA, Spagnol G, Maciel FA, et al. Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint: case series and literature review. Cranio: Journal of Craniomandibular Practice. 2019:1–8
Wittig J, Borumandi F, Gaggl A, et al. Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint leading to an epidural abscess. BMJ Case Report. 2018; bcr2017223563
Frojo G., Tadisina KK, Shetty V., et al. Temporomandibular Joint Septic Arthritis. Plastic and Reconstrictive Surgery Global Open. 2018;6(1):e1648.
Xiao D, Feng X, Huang H, et al. Severe septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint with pyogenic orofacial infections: a case report and review of the literature. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 2017;14(1):141–6.
Klüppel LE, Bernabé FBR, Primo BT, et al. Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2012;23(6), 1752-1754.
Lieberthal J, Sambamurthy N, Scanzello CR, Inflammation in joint injury and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2015;23:1825-34.
Punzi L, Galozzi P, Luisetto R, et al. Post-traumatic arthritis: overview on pathogenic mechanisms and role of inflammation. RMD Open. 2016;2:e000279.
Barton KI, Shekarforoush M, Heard BJ, et al. Use of pre-clinical surgically induced models to understand biomechanical and biological consequences of PTOA development. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2017;35:454-65.
Mikami T, Takeda Y, Ohira A, et al. Tumoral calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease of the temporomandibular joint: identification on crystallography. Pathology İnternational, 2008; 58(11), 723–729.
Nejad SG, Kobezda T, Tar I, et al. Development of temporomandibular joint arthritis: The use of animal models. Joint Bone Spine, 2017;84(2), 145-151.
Abubakr N, Salem Z, Ali Z, et al. Comparative evaluation of the early effects of the low-level laser therapy versus intra-articular steroids on temporomandibular joint acute osteoarthritis in rats: A histochemical, molecular and imaging evaluation. Dental And Medical Problems, 2018;55(4), 359-366.
Derwich M, Mitus-Kenig M, Pawlowska E. Interdisciplinary Approach to the Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis-Review of the Literature. Medicina (Kaunas). 2020 May 9;56(5):225.
Adams JC, Hamblen DL, Outline of orthopedics. 11th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. 1990.
de Bont LGM, Boering G, Liem RSB, et al. Osteoarthrosis and internal derangement of the temporomandihular joint. A light microscopic study. Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, 1986; 44:634
Baykul T, Aydin MA, Nasir S, Avascular necrosis of the mandibular condyle causing fibrous ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in sickle cell anemia. The Journal of craniofacial surgery, 2004;15(6), 1052–1056.
Song Z, Yuan S, Liu J, et al. Temporomandibular joint synovial chondromatosis: An analysis of 7 cases and literature review. Science Progress, 2022;105(3), 368504221115232.
Renapurkar SK., Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Management of Degenerative Joint Disease. Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics Of North America, 2018;30(3), 291–297.
van der Kuijl E, The current role of conventional radiography and computerized tomography in temporomandibular joint treatment planning, Stegenga B., de Bont L.G.M. (ed), Management of temporomandibular joint degenerative diseases: biologic basis and treatment outcome. Springer Science & Business. Basel/Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag; 1996. p. 73-85.
Barghan S, Tetradis S, Mallya S, Application of cone beam computed tomography for assessment of the temporomandibular joints. Australian Dental Journal, 2012;57 Suppl 1, 109–118.
Lewis EL, Dolwick MF, Abramowicz S, et al. Contemporary imaging of the temporomandibular joint. Dental Clinics Of North America, 2008;52(4), 875–viii.
Mélou, C., Pellen-Mussi, P., Jeanne, S., et al. Osteoarthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint: A Narrative Overview. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2022; 59(1), 8.
Dionne RA., Pharmacologic treatments for temporomandibular disorders. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontics 1997;83(1):134–42.
De Laat A, Stappaerts K, Papy S, Counseling and physical therapy as treatment for myofascial pain of the masticatory system. Journal of Orofacial Pain 2003;17:42-49.
Kuttila M, Le Bell Y, Savolainen-Niemi E, Efficiency of occlusal appliance therapy in secondary otalgia and temporomandibular disorders. Acta Odontologica Scandinavia 2002;60:248-254.
Bertolami CN, Gay T, Clark GT, et al. Use of sodium hyaluronate in treating temporomandibular joint disorders: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1993;51:232–42.
Liu Y, Wu J, Fei W, et al. Is there a difference with intraarticular injections of corticosteroids, hyaluranate, or placebo for temporomandibular osteoarthritis? Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2018;76(3):504–14.
Schindler C, Paessler L, Eckelt U, et al. Severe temporomandibular dysfunction and joint destruction after intra-articular injection of triamcinolone. Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine 2005;34:184.
Toller P, Use and misuse of intra-articular corticoste roids in the treatment of TMJ pain. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1977;70:461–3.
Moskowitz R, Davis W, Sammarco J, et al. Experimentally induced corticosteroid arthropathy. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 1970;13:236–43.
Chandler GN, Wright V, Deleterious effect of intra articular hydrocortisone. Lancet 1958;2:661–3.
Daniel M. Laskin, Arthroscopy Versus Arthrocentesis for Treating Internal Derangements of the Temporomandibular Joint, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America, 2018;30(3),325-328.
De La Sen Corcuera O, Cruz AM, Bascones AE, et al. Effectiveness of TMJ arthroscopy for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders, comparing lysis and lavage with operative arthroscopy. International of Journal Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2013;42(10):1370.
Gonzalez-Garcıa R, Rodrıguez-Campo FJ, Arthroscopic lysis and lavage versus operative arthroscopy in the outcome of temporomandibular joint internal derangement: a comparative study based on wilkes stages. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2011; 69(10):2513–24.
Merrill RG, Historical perspectives and comparisons of TMJ surgery for internal disk derangements and arthropathy. Cranio, 1986;4:74-85.
Dingman RO, Grabb WC, Intracapsular temporomandibular joint arthroplasty. Plastic and Reconstrictive Surgery, 1966;38:179-185.
Henny FA, Baldridge OL, Condylectomy for the persistently painful temporomandibular joint. Journal of Oral Surgery, 1957;15:24–31.
Miloro M, Henriksen B, Discectomy as the primary surgical option for internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2010;68(4):782–9.
Bach DE, Waite PD, Adams RC, Autologous TMJ disk replacement. Jornal of the American Dental Association, 1994;125: 1504–12.
Mercuri L.G., Alloplastic temporomandibular reconstruction. Oral Surgery, 1998;85:631–7.
MacIntosh RB, The use of autogenous tissue in temporomandibular joint reconstruction. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2000;58:63-69.
Catherine Z, Breton P, Bouletreau P, Management of dentoskeletal deformity due to condylar resorption: literature review. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology, 2016;121(2):126–32.
Al-Moraissi EA, Wolford LM, Perez D, et al. Does orthognathic surgery cause or cure temporomandib ular disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2017;75:1835–47.
Robin G, Al-Ani Z. Temporomandibular Bozukluklar Problem Bazlı Yaklaşım. (Hanefi KURT, Çev. Ed.). İstanbul: Medya Yayın Grubu; 2016. p. 6.
Çandırlı C, Demirkol M. Temporomandibular Eklem Cerrahisi. Ankara: Güneş Tıp Kitabevi; 2018. p.3,80
Boudewijn S., Temporomandibular joint degenerative diseases: clinical diagnosis, Stegenga B., de Bont LGM. (ed), Management of temporomandibular joint degenerative diseases: biologic basis and treatment outcome. Springer Science & Business. Basel/Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag; 1996. p. 12-23.
Rivanor RLC, Chaves HV, Val DR, et al. A Lectin from the Green Seaweed Caulerpa Cupressoides Reduces Mechanical Hyper-Nociception and Inflammation in the Rat Temporomandibular Joint During Zymosan-Induced Arthritis. International Immunopharmacology. 2014;21:34–43
Celiker R, Gokce-Kutsal Y, Eryilmaz M. Temporomandibular Joint Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Relationship with Disease Activity. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. 1995;24:22–5
Pedersen TK, Jensen JJ, Melsen B, et al. Resorption of the temporomandibular condylar bone according to subtypes of juvenile chronic arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2001; 28:2109–2115.
Sheppard IM, Sheppard SM, Maximal incisal opening: a diagnostic index? The Journal of Dental Medicine. 1965; 20:13–15.
Ingervall B, Range of movement of mandible in children. Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research. 1970; 78:311–322.
Taurog JD, Chhabra A, Colbert RA, Ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016; 374(26), 2563-2574.
Sieper J, Poddubnyy D, Axial spondyloarthritis. The Lancet. 2017;390(10089), 73-84.
Aceves-Avila FJ, Chávez-López M, Chavira-González JR, et al. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction in various rheumatic diseases. Reumatismo. 2013;65(3), 126-130.
Bilgin E, Bilgin E, Özdemir O, et al. Temporomandibular disorders in ankylosing spondylitis: a cross-sectional, monocentric study. Rheumatology International. 2020;40(6), 933-940.
Mrowietz U, Kragballe K, Reich K, et al. Definition of treatment goals for moderate to severe psoriasis: a European consensus. Archives Of Dermatological Research. 2011;303, 1-10.
Baskan S, Zengıngul A. Temporomandibular joint, disorders and approaches. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment. 2006 20(2), 151-155.
Roopa R, Malarkodi T, Azariah E, et al. The involvement of temporomandibular joint in psoriatic arthritis: a report of a rare case. Cureus. 2021;13(12).
Hannu T, Inman R, Granfors, K, et al. Reactive arthritis or post-infectious arthritis? Best practice & research Clinical rheumatology. 2006;20(3), 419-433.
Inman RD, Whittum-Hudson JA, Schumacher HR, et al. Chlamydia and associated arthritis. Current opinion in rheumatology. 2000;12(4), 254-262.
Könönen M, Signs and Symptoms of Craniomandibular Disorders in Men With Reiter's Disease. Journal of Craniomandibular Disorders. 1992;6(4).
Ferraz DA, Spagnol G, Maciel FA, et al. Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint: case series and literature review. Cranio: Journal of Craniomandibular Practice. 2019:1–8
Wittig J, Borumandi F, Gaggl A, et al. Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint leading to an epidural abscess. BMJ Case Report. 2018; bcr2017223563
Frojo G., Tadisina KK, Shetty V., et al. Temporomandibular Joint Septic Arthritis. Plastic and Reconstrictive Surgery Global Open. 2018;6(1):e1648.
Xiao D, Feng X, Huang H, et al. Severe septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint with pyogenic orofacial infections: a case report and review of the literature. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 2017;14(1):141–6.
Klüppel LE, Bernabé FBR, Primo BT, et al. Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2012;23(6), 1752-1754.
Lieberthal J, Sambamurthy N, Scanzello CR, Inflammation in joint injury and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2015;23:1825-34.
Punzi L, Galozzi P, Luisetto R, et al. Post-traumatic arthritis: overview on pathogenic mechanisms and role of inflammation. RMD Open. 2016;2:e000279.
Barton KI, Shekarforoush M, Heard BJ, et al. Use of pre-clinical surgically induced models to understand biomechanical and biological consequences of PTOA development. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2017;35:454-65.
Mikami T, Takeda Y, Ohira A, et al. Tumoral calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease of the temporomandibular joint: identification on crystallography. Pathology İnternational, 2008; 58(11), 723–729.
Nejad SG, Kobezda T, Tar I, et al. Development of temporomandibular joint arthritis: The use of animal models. Joint Bone Spine, 2017;84(2), 145-151.
Abubakr N, Salem Z, Ali Z, et al. Comparative evaluation of the early effects of the low-level laser therapy versus intra-articular steroids on temporomandibular joint acute osteoarthritis in rats: A histochemical, molecular and imaging evaluation. Dental And Medical Problems, 2018;55(4), 359-366.
Derwich M, Mitus-Kenig M, Pawlowska E. Interdisciplinary Approach to the Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis-Review of the Literature. Medicina (Kaunas). 2020 May 9;56(5):225.
Adams JC, Hamblen DL, Outline of orthopedics. 11th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. 1990.
de Bont LGM, Boering G, Liem RSB, et al. Osteoarthrosis and internal derangement of the temporomandihular joint. A light microscopic study. Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, 1986; 44:634
Baykul T, Aydin MA, Nasir S, Avascular necrosis of the mandibular condyle causing fibrous ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in sickle cell anemia. The Journal of craniofacial surgery, 2004;15(6), 1052–1056.
Song Z, Yuan S, Liu J, et al. Temporomandibular joint synovial chondromatosis: An analysis of 7 cases and literature review. Science Progress, 2022;105(3), 368504221115232.
Renapurkar SK., Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Management of Degenerative Joint Disease. Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics Of North America, 2018;30(3), 291–297.
van der Kuijl E, The current role of conventional radiography and computerized tomography in temporomandibular joint treatment planning, Stegenga B., de Bont L.G.M. (ed), Management of temporomandibular joint degenerative diseases: biologic basis and treatment outcome. Springer Science & Business. Basel/Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag; 1996. p. 73-85.
Barghan S, Tetradis S, Mallya S, Application of cone beam computed tomography for assessment of the temporomandibular joints. Australian Dental Journal, 2012;57 Suppl 1, 109–118.
Lewis EL, Dolwick MF, Abramowicz S, et al. Contemporary imaging of the temporomandibular joint. Dental Clinics Of North America, 2008;52(4), 875–viii.
Mélou, C., Pellen-Mussi, P., Jeanne, S., et al. Osteoarthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint: A Narrative Overview. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2022; 59(1), 8.
Dionne RA., Pharmacologic treatments for temporomandibular disorders. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontics 1997;83(1):134–42.
De Laat A, Stappaerts K, Papy S, Counseling and physical therapy as treatment for myofascial pain of the masticatory system. Journal of Orofacial Pain 2003;17:42-49.
Kuttila M, Le Bell Y, Savolainen-Niemi E, Efficiency of occlusal appliance therapy in secondary otalgia and temporomandibular disorders. Acta Odontologica Scandinavia 2002;60:248-254.
Bertolami CN, Gay T, Clark GT, et al. Use of sodium hyaluronate in treating temporomandibular joint disorders: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1993;51:232–42.
Liu Y, Wu J, Fei W, et al. Is there a difference with intraarticular injections of corticosteroids, hyaluranate, or placebo for temporomandibular osteoarthritis? Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2018;76(3):504–14.
Schindler C, Paessler L, Eckelt U, et al. Severe temporomandibular dysfunction and joint destruction after intra-articular injection of triamcinolone. Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine 2005;34:184.
Toller P, Use and misuse of intra-articular corticoste roids in the treatment of TMJ pain. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1977;70:461–3.
Moskowitz R, Davis W, Sammarco J, et al. Experimentally induced corticosteroid arthropathy. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 1970;13:236–43.
Chandler GN, Wright V, Deleterious effect of intra articular hydrocortisone. Lancet 1958;2:661–3.
Daniel M. Laskin, Arthroscopy Versus Arthrocentesis for Treating Internal Derangements of the Temporomandibular Joint, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America, 2018;30(3),325-328.
De La Sen Corcuera O, Cruz AM, Bascones AE, et al. Effectiveness of TMJ arthroscopy for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders, comparing lysis and lavage with operative arthroscopy. International of Journal Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2013;42(10):1370.
Gonzalez-Garcıa R, Rodrıguez-Campo FJ, Arthroscopic lysis and lavage versus operative arthroscopy in the outcome of temporomandibular joint internal derangement: a comparative study based on wilkes stages. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2011; 69(10):2513–24.
Merrill RG, Historical perspectives and comparisons of TMJ surgery for internal disk derangements and arthropathy. Cranio, 1986;4:74-85.
Dingman RO, Grabb WC, Intracapsular temporomandibular joint arthroplasty. Plastic and Reconstrictive Surgery, 1966;38:179-185.
Henny FA, Baldridge OL, Condylectomy for the persistently painful temporomandibular joint. Journal of Oral Surgery, 1957;15:24–31.
Miloro M, Henriksen B, Discectomy as the primary surgical option for internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2010;68(4):782–9.
Bach DE, Waite PD, Adams RC, Autologous TMJ disk replacement. Jornal of the American Dental Association, 1994;125: 1504–12.
Mercuri L.G., Alloplastic temporomandibular reconstruction. Oral Surgery, 1998;85:631–7.
MacIntosh RB, The use of autogenous tissue in temporomandibular joint reconstruction. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2000;58:63-69.
Catherine Z, Breton P, Bouletreau P, Management of dentoskeletal deformity due to condylar resorption: literature review. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology, 2016;121(2):126–32.
Al-Moraissi EA, Wolford LM, Perez D, et al. Does orthognathic surgery cause or cure temporomandib ular disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2017;75:1835–47.
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61-78
Published
April 16, 2024
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Gümrükçü Z, Halat İB. Temporomandibular Eklemde Görülen Dejeneratif Hastalıklarda Tanı ve Tedavi Planlaması. In: Yılmaz Altıntaş N, editor. Güncel Ağız Diş Çene Cerrahisi II (Bahar) [Internet]. Türkiye: Academician Publishing Book DOI Portal; 2024 [cited 2026 Jul. 13]. pp. 61-78. Available from: https://omp35.books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/book/3065/chapter/13398
