Arter Histolojisi ve Ateroskleroz Patofizyolojisi
Synopsis
Ateroskleroz; serebrovasküler hastalıklar, periferik damar hastalıkları ve özellikle koroner arter hastalıklarının etyolojisinde en sık görülen patolojik süreçtir. Aterosklerozun temelinde; orta ve büyük çaplı arterlerin subedotelyal alanında zaman içerisinde plak birikimine sekonder meydana gelen damar tıkanıklıkları ve bunun kronik bir sonucu olarak stenoza sekonder doku oksijenizasyonunun bozulması yer alır. En sık görülen serebrovasküler komplikasyonu inme iken en sık görülen kardiyolojik komplikasyon olan miyokard enfarktüsü tüm dünyada görülen ölümlerin en sık sebebi olarak bilinmektedir. Temel olarak ateroskleroz, damar intimasında kolesterol birikimi ile başlayan bir süreçtir. Bu kısımda, ateroskleroz gelişiminde rol oynayan süreçlerin anlaşılabilmesi için öncelikle arter duvarının normal yapısı incelenecek, daha sonra ateroskleroz gelişiminde rol oynayan patolojik süreçlere değinilecektir.
Atherosclerosis is the most common pathological process in the etiology of cerebrovascular diseases, peripheral vascular diseases and especially coronary artery diseases. The basis of atherosclerosis is vascular occlusions secondary to plaque accumulation in the subedothelial area of medium and large-sized arteries over time and the impairment of tissue oxygenation secondary to stenosis as a chronic result. While the most common cerebrovascular complication is stroke, the most common cardiological complication, myocardial infarction, is known to be the most common cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is basically a process that begins with cholesterol accumulation in the vascular intima. In this section, the normal structure of the arterial wall will be examined first in order to understand the processes that play a role in the development of atherosclerosis, and then the pathological processes that play a role in the development of atherosclerosis will be discussed.
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