Modifiye Narenciye Pektini (Pectin)
Synopsis
Narenciye pektini, narenciye kabuklarından elde edilen çözünür bir diyet lifidir. pH, sıcaklık ve enzimatik bozunma yoluyla değiştirilerek modifiye narenciye pektini (MNP) elde edilmektedir. MNP’nin kardiovasküler, böbrek, karaciğer hastalıklarında kullanımına, obezite ve immün sistem üzerine olan etkilerine dair preklinik çalışmalar, detoksifikasyon amacı ile kullanımına dair klinik çalışmalar mevcuttur. MNP’nin kanser metastazında yer alan birden fazla kritik hız sınırlayıcı adımı hedefleyebildiği, geleneksel kemoterapinin etkinliğini artırma potansiyeline sahip olduğu preklinik çalışmalar ile gösterilmiştir. MNP’nin onkolojik kullanımı ile ilgili sınırlı sayıda klinik çalışma mevcuttur. Kemoterapi ile eş zamanlı MNP kullanımının etkileri ise preklinik çalışmalarda gösterilmiştir.
Citrus pectin is a dietary fiber obtained from citrus peels. Modified citrus pectin (MCP) is obtained by certain pH, temperature and enzymatic degradation. There are preclinical studies on the use of MCP in cardiovascular, kidney and liver diseases, its effects on obesity and the immune system, and clinical studies on its use for detoxification purposes. Preclinical studies showing that MNP can target multiple critical rate-limiting steps in cancer metastasis and has the potential to increase the effectiveness of traditional chemotherapy. There are limited clinical studies regarding the oncological use of MCP. The effects of using MCP simultaneously with chemotherapy have been shown in preclinical studies.
References
Arias BA, Ramón-Laca L. Pharmacological properties of citrus and their ancient and medieval uses in the Mediterranean region. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Feb 10;97(1):89-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.10.019. Epub 2004 Dec 15. PMID: 15652281.
Maxwell EG, Belshaw NJ, Waldron KW, Morris VJ. Pectin – an emerging new bioactive food polysaccharide. Trends in Food Science and Technology 2011;24:64–73.
Leclere L, Cutsem PV, Michiels C. Anti-cancer activities of pH- or heat-modified pectin. Front Pharmacol. 2013 Oct 8;4:128. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00128. PMID: 24115933; PMCID: PMC3792700
Courts, F.L. Profiling of modified citrus pectin oligosaccharide transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers. PharmaNutrition 2013, 1, 22–31.
Lu, Y.; Zhang, M.; Zhao, P.; Jia, M.; Liu, B.; Jia, Q.; Guo, J.; Dou, L.; Li, J. Modified citrus pectin inhibits galectin-3 function to reduce atherosclerotic lesions in apoE-deficient mice. Mol. Med. Rep. 2017, 16, 647–653.
Li, S.; Li, S.; Hao, X.; Zhang, Y.; Deng,W. Perindopril and a galectin-3 inhibitor improve ischemic heart failure in rabbits by reducing Gal-3 expression and myocardial fibrosis. Front. Physiol. 2019, 10, 267.
Kolatsi-Joannou, M.; Price, K.L.;Winyard, P.J.; Long, D.A. Modified citrus pectin reduces galectin-3 expression and disease severity in experimental acute kidney injury. PLoS ONE 2011, 6, e18683
Abu-Elsaad, N.M.; Elkashef, W.F. Modified citrus pectin stops progression of liver fibrosis by inhibiting galectin-3 and inducing apoptosis of stellate cells. Can. J. Physiol. Pharm.2016, 94, 554–562
Martinez-Martinez, E.; Calvier, L.; Rossignol, P.; Rousseau, E.; Fernandez-Celis, A.; Jurado-Lopez, R.;Laville, M.; Cachofeiro, V.; Lopez-Andres, N. Galectin-3 inhibition prevents adipose tissue remodelling in obesity. Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) 2016, 40, 1034–1038
Merheb, R.; Abdel-Massih, R.M.; Karam, M.C. Immunomodulatory e_ect of natural and modified Citrus pectin on cytokine levels in the spleen of BALB/c mice. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019, 121, 1–5.
Eliaz, I.;Weil, E.; Schwarzbach, J.;Wilk, B. Modified Citrus Pectin/Alginate Dietary Supplement Increased Fecal Excretion of Uranium: A Family. Altern. Health Med. 2019, 25, 20–24.
Eliaz I, Raz A. Pleiotropic Effects of Modified Citrus Pectin. Nutrients.2019 Nov 1;11(11):2619. doi: 10.3390/nu11112619. PMID: 31683865; PMCID:PMC6893732.
Kim HR, Lin HM, Biliran H, Raz A. Cell cycle arrest and inhibition of anoikis by galectin-3 in human breast epithelial cells. Cancer Res. 1999 Aug 15;59(16):4148-54. PMID: 10463621.
Glinsky VV, Glinsky GV, Glinskii OV, Huxley VH, Turk JR, Mossine VV, Deutscher SL, Pienta KJ, Quinn TP. Intravascular metastatic cancer cell homotypic aggregation at the sites of primary attachment to the endothelium. Cancer Res. 2003 Jul 1;63(13):3805-11. PMID: 12839977.
Thijssen VL, Hulsmans S, Griffioen AW. The galectin profile of the endothelium: altered expression and localization in activated and tumor endothelial cells. Am J Pathol. 2008 Feb;172(2):545-53. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070938. Epub 2008 Jan 17. PMID: 18202194; PMCID: PMC2312370.
Glinsky VV, Raz A. Modified citrus pectin anti-metastatic properties: one bullet, multiple targets. Carbohydr Res. 2009 Sep 28;344(14):1788-91. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.08.038. Epub 2008 Sep 26. PMID: 19061992; PMCID:PMC2782490.
Pienta, K.J., Naik, H., Akhtar, A. et al. 1995. Inhibition of spontaneous metastasis in a rat prostate cancer model by oral administration of modified citrus pectin. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 87:348–353.
Azémar, M.; Hildenbrand, B.; Haering, B.; Heim, M.E.; Unger, C. Clinical benefit in patients with advanced solid tumors treated with modified citrus pectin: A prospective pilot study. Clin. Med. Oncol. 2007, 1, 73–80.
Yan, J.; Katz, A. PectaSol-C modified citrus pectin induces apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in human and mouse androgen-dependent and-independent prostate cancer cells. Integr. Cancer 2010, 9, 197–203.
Jiang, J.; Eliaz, I.; Sliva, D. Synergistic and additive e_ects of modified citrus pectin with two polybotanical compounds, in the suppression of invasive behavior of human breast and prostate cancer cells. Integr. Cancer 2013, 12, 145–152.
Odun-Ayo, F.; Mellem, J.; Naicker, T.; Reddy, L. Chemoprevention of azoxymethane-induced colonic carcinogenesis in Balb/c mice using a modified pectin alginate probiotic. Anticancer Res. 2015, 35, 4765–4775.
Wang, S.; Li, P.; Lu, S.-M.; Ling, Z.-Q. Chemoprevention of low-molecular-weight citrus pectin (LCP) in gastrointestinal cancer cells. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2016, 12, 746–756.
Li, H.-Y.; Yang, S.; Li, J.-C.; Feng, J.-X. Galectin 3 inhibition attenuates renal injury progression in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Biosci. Rep. 2018, 38, BSR20181803
Conti, S.; Vexler, A.; Hagoel, L.; Kalich-Philosoph, L.; Corn, B.W.; Honig, N.; Shtraus, N.; Meir, Y.; Ron, I.; Eliaz, I. Modified citrus pectin as a potential sensitizer for radiotherapy in prostate cancer. Integr. Cancer 2018, 17, 1225–1234.
Fang, T.; Liu, D.-D.; Ning, H.-M.; Liu, D.; Sun, J.-Y.; Huang, X.-J.; Dong, Y.; Geng, M.-Y.; Yun, S.-F.; Yan, J. Modified citrus pectin inhibited bladder tumor growth through downregulation of galectin-3. Acta Pharm. Sin. 2018, 39, 1885–1893.
Guess, B.; Scholz, M.; Strum, S.; Lam, R.; Johnson, H.; Jennrich, R. Modified citrus pectin (MCP) increases the prostate-specific antigen doubling time in men with prostate cancer: A phase II pilot study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2003, 6, 301–304
Azémar, M.; Hildenbrand, B.; Haering, B.; Heim, M.E.; Unger, C. Clinical benefit in patients with advanced solid tumors treated with modified citrus pectin: A prospective pilot study. Clin. Med. Oncol. 2007, 1, 73–80.
Keizman, D.; Frenkel, M.; Peer, A.; Kushnir, I.; Rosenbaum, E.; Sarid, D.; Leibovitch, I.; Mano, R.; Yossepowitch, O.; Margel, D.; et al. Modified Citrus Pectin Treatment in Non-Metastatic Biochemically Relapsed Prostate Cancer: Results of a Prospective Phase II Study. Nutrients 2021, 13, 4295
Keizman D, Frenkel M, Peer A, Kushnir I, Rosenbaum E, Sarid D, Leibovitch I,Mano R, Yossepowitch O, Margel D, Wolf I, Geva R, Dresler H, Rouvinov K, Rapoport N, Eliaz I. Modified Citrus Pectin Treatment in Non-Metastatic Biochemically Relapsed Prostate Cancer: Long-Term Results of a Prospective Phase II Study. Nutrients. 2023 Aug11;15(16):3533.
Hossein G, Keshavarz M, Ahmadi S, Naderi N. Synergistic effects of PectaSol-C modifiedcitrus pectin an inhibitor of Galectin-3 and paclitaxel on apoptosis of human SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(12):7561-8. doi:10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.12.7561. PMID: 24460334.
Wang, S.; Li, P.; Lu, S.-M.; Ling, Z.-Q. Chemoprevention of low-molecular-weight citrus pectin (LCP) in gastrointestinal cancer cells. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2016, 12, 746–756.
Dahdouh E, El-Khatib S, Baydoun E, Abdel-Massih RM. Additive Effect of MCP inCombination with Cefotaxime Against Staphylococcus aureus. Med Chem.2017;13(7):682-688. doi: 10.2174/1573406413666170306112444. PMID: 28266280.
Wu, K.-L.; Kuo, C.-M.; Huang, E.-Y.; Pan, H.-M.; Huang, C.-C.; Chen, Y.-F.; Hsiao, C.-C.; Yang, K.D. Extracellular galectin-3 facilitates colon cancer cell migration and is related to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Am. J. Transl. Res. 2018, 10, 2402–2412.
Hossein G, Halvaei S, Heidarian Y, Dehghani-Ghobadi Z, Hassani M, Hosseini H, Naderi N, Sheikh Hassani S. Pectasol-C Modified Citrus Pectin targets Galectin-3-induced STAT3 activation and synergize paclitaxel cytotoxic effect on ovarian cancer spheroids. Cancer Med. 2019 Aug;8(9):4315-4329. doi:10.1002/cam4.2334. Epub 2019 Jun 13. PMID: 31197964; PMCID: PMC6675724.
Tehranian, N.; Sepehri, H.; Mehdipour, P.; Biramijamal, F.; Hossein-Nezhad, A.; Sarrafnejad, A.; Hajizadeh, E.Combination e_ect of PectaSol and Doxorubicin on viability, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in DU-145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines. Cell Biol. Int. 2012, 36, 601–610
Maxwell EG, Belshaw NJ, Waldron KW, Morris VJ. Pectin – an emerging new bioactive food polysaccharide. Trends in Food Science and Technology 2011;24:64–73.
Leclere L, Cutsem PV, Michiels C. Anti-cancer activities of pH- or heat-modified pectin. Front Pharmacol. 2013 Oct 8;4:128. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00128. PMID: 24115933; PMCID: PMC3792700
Courts, F.L. Profiling of modified citrus pectin oligosaccharide transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers. PharmaNutrition 2013, 1, 22–31.
Lu, Y.; Zhang, M.; Zhao, P.; Jia, M.; Liu, B.; Jia, Q.; Guo, J.; Dou, L.; Li, J. Modified citrus pectin inhibits galectin-3 function to reduce atherosclerotic lesions in apoE-deficient mice. Mol. Med. Rep. 2017, 16, 647–653.
Li, S.; Li, S.; Hao, X.; Zhang, Y.; Deng,W. Perindopril and a galectin-3 inhibitor improve ischemic heart failure in rabbits by reducing Gal-3 expression and myocardial fibrosis. Front. Physiol. 2019, 10, 267.
Kolatsi-Joannou, M.; Price, K.L.;Winyard, P.J.; Long, D.A. Modified citrus pectin reduces galectin-3 expression and disease severity in experimental acute kidney injury. PLoS ONE 2011, 6, e18683
Abu-Elsaad, N.M.; Elkashef, W.F. Modified citrus pectin stops progression of liver fibrosis by inhibiting galectin-3 and inducing apoptosis of stellate cells. Can. J. Physiol. Pharm.2016, 94, 554–562
Martinez-Martinez, E.; Calvier, L.; Rossignol, P.; Rousseau, E.; Fernandez-Celis, A.; Jurado-Lopez, R.;Laville, M.; Cachofeiro, V.; Lopez-Andres, N. Galectin-3 inhibition prevents adipose tissue remodelling in obesity. Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) 2016, 40, 1034–1038
Merheb, R.; Abdel-Massih, R.M.; Karam, M.C. Immunomodulatory e_ect of natural and modified Citrus pectin on cytokine levels in the spleen of BALB/c mice. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019, 121, 1–5.
Eliaz, I.;Weil, E.; Schwarzbach, J.;Wilk, B. Modified Citrus Pectin/Alginate Dietary Supplement Increased Fecal Excretion of Uranium: A Family. Altern. Health Med. 2019, 25, 20–24.
Eliaz I, Raz A. Pleiotropic Effects of Modified Citrus Pectin. Nutrients.2019 Nov 1;11(11):2619. doi: 10.3390/nu11112619. PMID: 31683865; PMCID:PMC6893732.
Kim HR, Lin HM, Biliran H, Raz A. Cell cycle arrest and inhibition of anoikis by galectin-3 in human breast epithelial cells. Cancer Res. 1999 Aug 15;59(16):4148-54. PMID: 10463621.
Glinsky VV, Glinsky GV, Glinskii OV, Huxley VH, Turk JR, Mossine VV, Deutscher SL, Pienta KJ, Quinn TP. Intravascular metastatic cancer cell homotypic aggregation at the sites of primary attachment to the endothelium. Cancer Res. 2003 Jul 1;63(13):3805-11. PMID: 12839977.
Thijssen VL, Hulsmans S, Griffioen AW. The galectin profile of the endothelium: altered expression and localization in activated and tumor endothelial cells. Am J Pathol. 2008 Feb;172(2):545-53. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070938. Epub 2008 Jan 17. PMID: 18202194; PMCID: PMC2312370.
Glinsky VV, Raz A. Modified citrus pectin anti-metastatic properties: one bullet, multiple targets. Carbohydr Res. 2009 Sep 28;344(14):1788-91. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.08.038. Epub 2008 Sep 26. PMID: 19061992; PMCID:PMC2782490.
Pienta, K.J., Naik, H., Akhtar, A. et al. 1995. Inhibition of spontaneous metastasis in a rat prostate cancer model by oral administration of modified citrus pectin. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 87:348–353.
Azémar, M.; Hildenbrand, B.; Haering, B.; Heim, M.E.; Unger, C. Clinical benefit in patients with advanced solid tumors treated with modified citrus pectin: A prospective pilot study. Clin. Med. Oncol. 2007, 1, 73–80.
Yan, J.; Katz, A. PectaSol-C modified citrus pectin induces apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in human and mouse androgen-dependent and-independent prostate cancer cells. Integr. Cancer 2010, 9, 197–203.
Jiang, J.; Eliaz, I.; Sliva, D. Synergistic and additive e_ects of modified citrus pectin with two polybotanical compounds, in the suppression of invasive behavior of human breast and prostate cancer cells. Integr. Cancer 2013, 12, 145–152.
Odun-Ayo, F.; Mellem, J.; Naicker, T.; Reddy, L. Chemoprevention of azoxymethane-induced colonic carcinogenesis in Balb/c mice using a modified pectin alginate probiotic. Anticancer Res. 2015, 35, 4765–4775.
Wang, S.; Li, P.; Lu, S.-M.; Ling, Z.-Q. Chemoprevention of low-molecular-weight citrus pectin (LCP) in gastrointestinal cancer cells. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2016, 12, 746–756.
Li, H.-Y.; Yang, S.; Li, J.-C.; Feng, J.-X. Galectin 3 inhibition attenuates renal injury progression in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Biosci. Rep. 2018, 38, BSR20181803
Conti, S.; Vexler, A.; Hagoel, L.; Kalich-Philosoph, L.; Corn, B.W.; Honig, N.; Shtraus, N.; Meir, Y.; Ron, I.; Eliaz, I. Modified citrus pectin as a potential sensitizer for radiotherapy in prostate cancer. Integr. Cancer 2018, 17, 1225–1234.
Fang, T.; Liu, D.-D.; Ning, H.-M.; Liu, D.; Sun, J.-Y.; Huang, X.-J.; Dong, Y.; Geng, M.-Y.; Yun, S.-F.; Yan, J. Modified citrus pectin inhibited bladder tumor growth through downregulation of galectin-3. Acta Pharm. Sin. 2018, 39, 1885–1893.
Guess, B.; Scholz, M.; Strum, S.; Lam, R.; Johnson, H.; Jennrich, R. Modified citrus pectin (MCP) increases the prostate-specific antigen doubling time in men with prostate cancer: A phase II pilot study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2003, 6, 301–304
Azémar, M.; Hildenbrand, B.; Haering, B.; Heim, M.E.; Unger, C. Clinical benefit in patients with advanced solid tumors treated with modified citrus pectin: A prospective pilot study. Clin. Med. Oncol. 2007, 1, 73–80.
Keizman, D.; Frenkel, M.; Peer, A.; Kushnir, I.; Rosenbaum, E.; Sarid, D.; Leibovitch, I.; Mano, R.; Yossepowitch, O.; Margel, D.; et al. Modified Citrus Pectin Treatment in Non-Metastatic Biochemically Relapsed Prostate Cancer: Results of a Prospective Phase II Study. Nutrients 2021, 13, 4295
Keizman D, Frenkel M, Peer A, Kushnir I, Rosenbaum E, Sarid D, Leibovitch I,Mano R, Yossepowitch O, Margel D, Wolf I, Geva R, Dresler H, Rouvinov K, Rapoport N, Eliaz I. Modified Citrus Pectin Treatment in Non-Metastatic Biochemically Relapsed Prostate Cancer: Long-Term Results of a Prospective Phase II Study. Nutrients. 2023 Aug11;15(16):3533.
Hossein G, Keshavarz M, Ahmadi S, Naderi N. Synergistic effects of PectaSol-C modifiedcitrus pectin an inhibitor of Galectin-3 and paclitaxel on apoptosis of human SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(12):7561-8. doi:10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.12.7561. PMID: 24460334.
Wang, S.; Li, P.; Lu, S.-M.; Ling, Z.-Q. Chemoprevention of low-molecular-weight citrus pectin (LCP) in gastrointestinal cancer cells. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2016, 12, 746–756.
Dahdouh E, El-Khatib S, Baydoun E, Abdel-Massih RM. Additive Effect of MCP inCombination with Cefotaxime Against Staphylococcus aureus. Med Chem.2017;13(7):682-688. doi: 10.2174/1573406413666170306112444. PMID: 28266280.
Wu, K.-L.; Kuo, C.-M.; Huang, E.-Y.; Pan, H.-M.; Huang, C.-C.; Chen, Y.-F.; Hsiao, C.-C.; Yang, K.D. Extracellular galectin-3 facilitates colon cancer cell migration and is related to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Am. J. Transl. Res. 2018, 10, 2402–2412.
Hossein G, Halvaei S, Heidarian Y, Dehghani-Ghobadi Z, Hassani M, Hosseini H, Naderi N, Sheikh Hassani S. Pectasol-C Modified Citrus Pectin targets Galectin-3-induced STAT3 activation and synergize paclitaxel cytotoxic effect on ovarian cancer spheroids. Cancer Med. 2019 Aug;8(9):4315-4329. doi:10.1002/cam4.2334. Epub 2019 Jun 13. PMID: 31197964; PMCID: PMC6675724.
Tehranian, N.; Sepehri, H.; Mehdipour, P.; Biramijamal, F.; Hossein-Nezhad, A.; Sarrafnejad, A.; Hajizadeh, E.Combination e_ect of PectaSol and Doxorubicin on viability, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in DU-145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines. Cell Biol. Int. 2012, 36, 601–610
Pages
269-274
Published
March 11, 2024
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Derin S. Modifiye Narenciye Pektini (Pectin). In: Sakin A, editor. Kanser Hastalarının Başvurduğu Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tedaviler - Tıbbi Onkolog Gözü ile Bakış ve Onkolojik İlaçlarla Etkileşim [Internet]. Türkiye: Academician Publishing Book DOI Portal; 2024 [cited 2026 Jul. 13]. pp. 269-74. Available from: https://omp35.books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/book/2380/chapter/13927
