Flavonoidler
Synopsis
Flavonoidler merkezde üç karbon atomu ve fenolik hidroksil grubuna sahip iki benzen halkasıyla bağlanan, bitkilerde biyoaktif sekonder metabolitler olarak sentezlenen polifenolik bileşiklerdir. Farklı biyolojik rollere sahip olduğu düşünülen ikincil metabolit sınıfı flavonoidlerin anti-kanser, anti-inflamatuar, immunmodülatör ve antioksidan gibi birçok faydası vardır. Antikanser etkilerini, hücre döngüsü sinyallemesinin modülasyonu da dahil olmak üzere anti-kanser ajanlarının uzaklaştırılması, antioksidan enzim aktivitesi, apoptoz gibi mekanizmalar yoluyla indükleyebilir. Onkolojide ise başta meme, akciğer, karaciğer, pankreas kanseri, gastrointestinal kanserler, gliomalar gibi birçok kanserde preklinik çalışmaları mevcuttur ancak klinik çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Epidemiyolojik veriler ve meta-analizler, uzun vadede diyetle zengin bitki polifenolleri alınmasının kanser prevansiyonunu önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini gözlemlemiştir.
Polyphenolic substances called flavonoids are produced by plants as beneficial secondary metabolites. They are composed of two benzene rings, each containing three carbon atoms and a phenolic hydroxyl group in the middle. Flavonoids belonging to the secondary metabolite class are believed to possess several biological functions, including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Through processes like the elimination of anticancer drugs, antioxidant enzyme activity, apoptosis, and even the modification of cell cycle signals, it may cause anticancer effects. Preclinical research has been done on a variety of tumors in oncology, including gliomas, pancreatic cancer, liver, lung, breast, and gastrointestinal cancers. However, clinical research on cancer is few. Research from meta-analyses and epidemiological studies has shown that consuming a diet high in plant polyphenols over an extended period of time greatly enhances cancer prevention.
References
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Isolation of a UDP-glucose: Flavonoid 5-O-glucosyltransferase gene and expression analysis of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.). Da Qiu Zhao, Chen Xia Han, Jin Tao Ge and Jun Tao, Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 15 November 2012, Volume 15, Number 6.
Ramos S: Cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy: dietary polyphenols and signalling pathways.Mol Nutr Food Res 52, 507–526, 2008.
Mauro Serafini, Ilaria Peluso, Anna Raguzzini. Flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010 Aug;69(3):273-8.
Wang K., Karin M. Tumor-Elicited Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer. Adv Cancer Res. 2015;128:173–196
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Weinberg, F.; Ramnath, N.; Nagrath, D. Reactive Oxygen Species in the Tumor Microenvironment: An Overview. Cancers 2019, 11, 1191.
Pereira C., Grácio D., Teixeira J.P., Magro F. Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage: Implications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 2015;21:2403–2417.
Pan, M.H.; Lai, C.S.; Hsu, P.C.; Wang, Y.J. Acacetin induces apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells accompanied by activation of caspase cascades and production of reactive oxygen species. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 620–630.
Rodriguez-Garcia, C.; Sanchez-Quesada, C. Dietary Flavonoids as Cancer Chemopreventive Agents: An Updated Review of Human Studies. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 137.
Yahfoufi, N.; Alsadi, N.; Jambi, M.; Matar, C. The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Polyphenols. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1618.
Abotaleb, M.; Samuel, S.M.; Varghese, E.; Varghese, S.; Kubatka, P.; Liskova, A.; Busselberg, D. Flavonoids in Cancer and Apoptosis. Cancers 2018, 11, 28.
Chirumbolo, S.; Bjorklund, G.; Lysiuk, R.; Vella, A.; Lenchyk, L.; Upyr, T. Targeting Cancer with Phytochemicals via Their Fine Tuning of the Cell Survival Signaling Pathways. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 3568.
Stathopoulos G.T., Sherrill T.P., Cheng D.S., Scoggins R.M., Han W., Polosukhin V.V., Connelly L., Yull F.E., Fingleton B., Blackwell T.S. Epithelial NF-kappaB activation promotes urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2007;104:18514–18519.
Suh, Y.; Afaq, F.; Johnson, J.J.; Mukhtar, H. A plant flavonoid fisetin induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells by inhibition of COX2 and Wnt/EGFR/NF-kappaB-signaling pathways. Carcinogenesis 2009, 30, 300–307.
Edirisinghe, I.; Banaszewski, K.; Cappozzo, J.; McCarthy, D.; Burton-Freeman, B.M. Effect of black currant anthocyanins on the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in vitro in human endothelial cells. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2011, 59, 8616–8624.
Cochran, D.B.; Gray, L.N.; Anderson, K.W.; Dziubla, T.D. Degradable poly(apigenin) polymer inhibits tumor cell adhesion to vascular endothelial cells. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B. Appl. Biomater., 2016, 104(7), 1438-1447.
Mirossay, L.; Varinská, L.; Mojžiš, J. Antiangiogenic Effect of Flavonoids and Chalcones: An Update. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 19, 27
Chin, H.K.; Horng, C.T.; Liu, Y.S.; Lu, C.C.; Su, C.Y.; Chen, P.S.; Chiu, H.Y.; Tsai, F.J.; Shieh, P.C.; Yang, J.S. Kaempferol inhibits angiogenic ability by targeting VEGF receptor-2 and downregulating the PI3K/AKT, MEK and ERK pathways in VEGF-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Oncol. Rep. 2018, 39, 2351–2357.
Zhang, D.Y.; Wu, J.; Ye, F. Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by Scutellaria baicalensis. Cancer Res. 2003, 63, 4037.
Vauzour D, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Corona G, OrunaConcha MJ, and Spencer JP: Polyphenols and humanhealth: prevention of disease and mechanisms ofaction. Nutrients 2, 1106–1131, 2010.
Chan, E.W.C.; Wong, S.K.; Chan, H.T. Casticin from Vitex species: A short review on its anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. J. Integr. Med. 2018, 16, 147–152.
Shin Nishiumi, Shingo Miyamoto, Kyuichi Kawabata, Kohta Ohnishi, Rie Mukai, Akira Murakami, Hitoshi Ashida, Junji Terao. Dietary flavonoids as cancer-preventive and therapeutic biofactors. Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2011 Jun 1;3(4):1332-62.
Ho, M.L.; Chen, P.N.; Chu, S.C.; Kuo, D.Y.; Kuo, W.H.; Chen, J.Y.; Hsieh, Y.S. Peonidin 3-glucoside inhibits lung cancer metastasis by downregulation of proteinases activities and MAPK pathway. Nutr. Cancer 2010, 62, 505–516.
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39-50
Published
March 11, 2024
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Geçgel A. Flavonoidler. In: Sakin A, editor. Kanser Hastalarının Başvurduğu Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tedaviler - Tıbbi Onkolog Gözü ile Bakış ve Onkolojik İlaçlarla Etkileşim [Internet]. Türkiye: Academician Publishing Book DOI Portal; 2024 [cited 2026 Jul. 13]. pp. 39-50. Available from: https://omp35.books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/book/2380/chapter/13887
