Becoming a Mother in the Shadow of Tocophobia
Özet
Labor represents a process that involves many changes both physiologically and psycho-socially for the woman and her family. In the antenatal period, uncertainties related to birth or negative experiences related to the birth process, birth stories heard from others affect the perception of birth. This picture prepares the ground for women to experience “tocophobia”, an umbrella term defined as a severe fear of childbirth and the postpartum period. Tocophobia has the potential to negatively affect the desire to have a child, the mode of delivery, newborn and maternal health. Therefore, nurses' definition of tocophobia and knowledge about risk factors contribute to its prevention. Nurses may have the opportunity to intervene by evaluating pregnant women with tocophobia and planning appropriate nursing approaches by using their educational and counseling roles.
Referanslar
Aguilera-Martín Á, Gálvez-Lara M, Blanco-Ruiz M, García-Torres F. Psychological, educational, and alternative interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Psycholy. 2021;77(3):525-555. doi:10.1002/jclp.23071
Akgün M, Boz İ, Özer Z. The effect of psychoeducation on fear of childbirth and birth type: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetric Gynaecoly. 2020;41(4):253-265. doi:10.1080/0167482X.2019.1689950
Arantes do et al. “Midwives' interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women: a scoping review.” JBI Evidence Synthesis vol. 20,12 2867-2935. 1 Dec. 2022, doi:10.11124/JBIES-21-00382
Bakhteh A, Jaberghaderi N, Rezaei M, Naghibzadeh ZA, Kolivand M, Motaghi Z. The effect of interventions in alleviating fear of childbirth in pregnant women: a systematic review. Journal of Reproductive Infant Psycholy. 2024;42(1):5-21. doi:10.1080/02646838.2022.2059458
Çakır Koçak Y, Sevil Ü. (Eds). (2016). Perinatoloji ve Bakım. Nobel Tıp Kitapevi.
Çiçek Ö, Mete S. Sık Karşılaşılan Bir Sorun: Doğum Korkusu. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 2015; 8(4), 263-268.
Dencker A, Nilsson C, Begley C, et al. Causes and outcomes in studies of fear of childbirth: A systematic review. Women and Birth. 2019;32(2):99-111. doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2018.07.004
Durmishi S. The Nurse’s Role and Communication Strategies in Alleviating Fear and Anxiety During Pregnancy and Childbirth. Journal of Medicine and Healthcare. 2024. SRC/JMHC-316. DOI: doi. org/10.47363/JMHC/2024 (6), 258, 2-3
Fawcett EJ, Fairbrother N, Cox ML, White IR, Fawcett JM. The Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: A Multivariate Bayesian Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2019;80(4):18r12527. Published 2019 Jul 23. doi:10.4088/JCP.18r12527.
Fuchs A, Moehler E, Reck C, Resch F, Kaess M. The early mother-to-child bond and its unique prospective contribution to child behavior evaluated by mothers and teachers. Psychopathology. (2016) 49:1–11. doi: 10.1159/000445439
Hofberg K, Ward MR. Fear of pregnancy and childbirth. Postgrad Medical Journal. 2003;79(935):505-510. doi:10.1136/pmj.79.935.505
Jomeen J, Martin CR, Jones C, et al. Tokophobia and fear of birth: a workshop consensus statement on current issues and recommendations for future research. Journal of Reproductive Infant Psycholy. 2021;39(1):2-15. doi:10.1080/02646838.2020.1843908
Khorsandi M, Ghofranipour F, Heydarnia A, FaghihZadeh S, Vafaei M, Rousta F. et al. The effect of childbirth preparation classes on childbirth fear and normal delivery among primiparous women. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences, 2008; 11(3), 29–36.
Lilliecreutz C, Josefsson A, Mohammed H, Josefsson A, Sydsjö G. Mental disorders and risk factors among pregnant women with depressive symptoms in Sweden-A case-control study. Acta Obstetric Gynecology Scand. 2021;100(6):1068-1074. doi:10.1111/aogs.14051
Marcé L-V. Traité de la folie des femmes enceintes, des nouvelles accouchées et des nourrices : et considérations médico-légales qui se rattachent à ce sujet / par le Dr L.-V. Marcé: J.-B. Baillière et fils (Paris) 1858.
MoghaddamHosseini VM, Nazarzadeh M, Jahanfar S. Interventions for reducing fear of childbirth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials. Women and Birth, 2017, 31254–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2017.10.007
Molgora S, Saita E, Barbieri Carones M, Ferrazzi E, Facchin F. Predictors of Postpartum Depression among Italian Women: A Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health. 2022 Jan 29;19(3):1553. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031553. PMID: 35162574; PMCID: PMC8835615.
Nate DA, Ajayi KV, Hossain MM, Guerby P. Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDRXIV, 2022; 1-23.
Nilsson C, Hessman E, Sjöblom H, et al. Definitions, measurements and prevalence of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2018;18(1):28. Published 2018 Jan 12. doi:10.1186/s12884-018-1659-7
O'Connell MA, Khashan AS, Leahy-Warren P. Women's experiences of interventions for fear of childbirth in the perinatal period: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research evidence. Women Birth. 2021;34(3):e309-e321. doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2020.05.008
Onat G, Bay F. Sağlık Profesyoneli Kadınların Doğum Korkularını Nasıl Dönüştürebilir? Holistik Bakım Örneği. Sağlık Bilimler Dergisi. 2020. Cilt 1, Sayı 2 39-51
Salomonsson B, Wijma K, Alehagen S. Swedish midwives' perceptions of fear of childbirth. Midwifery. (2010) 26:327–37. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2008.07.003
Seefeld L, Weise V, Kopp M, Knappe S, Garthus-Niegel S. Birth Experience Mediates the Association Between Fear of Childbirth and Mother-Child-Bonding Up to 14 Months Postpartum: Findings From the Prospective Cohort Study DREAM. Front Psychiatry. 2022; 12:776922. Published 2022 Jan 20. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.776922
Sen E, Alp Dal N, Dağ H, Senveli S. The reasons for delivery: Related fear and associated factors in western Turkey. NPT. 2015;2(1):25-33.
Srivastava A. Bhatnagar P. Maternal fetal attachment and perceived sterss during pregnancy. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2019; 8 (9), 3750-3756.
Striebich S, Mattern E. Ayerle GM. Support for pregnant women identified with fear of childbirth (FOC)/tokophobia – A systematic review of approaches and interventions. Midwifery, 2018; 61, 97-115.
Taşkın L. (Ed.). (2016). Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği. Akademisyen Tıp Kitapevi.
Toohill J, Fenwick J, Gamble J, Creedy DK. Prevalence of childbirth fear in an Australian sample of pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14:275. Published 2014 Aug 14. doi:10.1186/1471-2393-14-275
Uçar T, Gölbaşı S. Nedenleri ve Sonuçlarıyla Doğum Korkusu. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2015; 4(2), 54-58.
Vahabi YS. The effect of music therapy and relaxation on hospitalized CCU patients’ anxiety. Iran Journal of Psychiatry Clinical Psychology, 2003; 8(3), 75–82.
Wigert H, Nilsson C, Dencker A, et al. Women's experiences of fear of childbirth: a metasynthesis of qualitative studies. International Journal of Quality Study Health Well-being. 2020;15(1):1704484. doi:10.1080/17482631.2019.1704484
Wikman A, Axfors C, Iliadis SI, Cox J, Fransson E, Skalkidou A. Characteristics of women with different perinatal depression trajectories. Journal of Neuroscience Research. 2020;98(7):1268-1282. doi:10.1002/jnr.24390
Yanıkkerem E, Sevil Ü, Yüksel D, Kitapçıoğlu G. (2007) Gebe bir kadının hissettikleri “Korkuyorum”. Jinekoloji ve Obstetrik Dergisi 21 (2), 109-111
Akgün M, Boz İ, Özer Z. The effect of psychoeducation on fear of childbirth and birth type: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetric Gynaecoly. 2020;41(4):253-265. doi:10.1080/0167482X.2019.1689950
Arantes do et al. “Midwives' interventions for reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women: a scoping review.” JBI Evidence Synthesis vol. 20,12 2867-2935. 1 Dec. 2022, doi:10.11124/JBIES-21-00382
Bakhteh A, Jaberghaderi N, Rezaei M, Naghibzadeh ZA, Kolivand M, Motaghi Z. The effect of interventions in alleviating fear of childbirth in pregnant women: a systematic review. Journal of Reproductive Infant Psycholy. 2024;42(1):5-21. doi:10.1080/02646838.2022.2059458
Çakır Koçak Y, Sevil Ü. (Eds). (2016). Perinatoloji ve Bakım. Nobel Tıp Kitapevi.
Çiçek Ö, Mete S. Sık Karşılaşılan Bir Sorun: Doğum Korkusu. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 2015; 8(4), 263-268.
Dencker A, Nilsson C, Begley C, et al. Causes and outcomes in studies of fear of childbirth: A systematic review. Women and Birth. 2019;32(2):99-111. doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2018.07.004
Durmishi S. The Nurse’s Role and Communication Strategies in Alleviating Fear and Anxiety During Pregnancy and Childbirth. Journal of Medicine and Healthcare. 2024. SRC/JMHC-316. DOI: doi. org/10.47363/JMHC/2024 (6), 258, 2-3
Fawcett EJ, Fairbrother N, Cox ML, White IR, Fawcett JM. The Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: A Multivariate Bayesian Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2019;80(4):18r12527. Published 2019 Jul 23. doi:10.4088/JCP.18r12527.
Fuchs A, Moehler E, Reck C, Resch F, Kaess M. The early mother-to-child bond and its unique prospective contribution to child behavior evaluated by mothers and teachers. Psychopathology. (2016) 49:1–11. doi: 10.1159/000445439
Hofberg K, Ward MR. Fear of pregnancy and childbirth. Postgrad Medical Journal. 2003;79(935):505-510. doi:10.1136/pmj.79.935.505
Jomeen J, Martin CR, Jones C, et al. Tokophobia and fear of birth: a workshop consensus statement on current issues and recommendations for future research. Journal of Reproductive Infant Psycholy. 2021;39(1):2-15. doi:10.1080/02646838.2020.1843908
Khorsandi M, Ghofranipour F, Heydarnia A, FaghihZadeh S, Vafaei M, Rousta F. et al. The effect of childbirth preparation classes on childbirth fear and normal delivery among primiparous women. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences, 2008; 11(3), 29–36.
Lilliecreutz C, Josefsson A, Mohammed H, Josefsson A, Sydsjö G. Mental disorders and risk factors among pregnant women with depressive symptoms in Sweden-A case-control study. Acta Obstetric Gynecology Scand. 2021;100(6):1068-1074. doi:10.1111/aogs.14051
Marcé L-V. Traité de la folie des femmes enceintes, des nouvelles accouchées et des nourrices : et considérations médico-légales qui se rattachent à ce sujet / par le Dr L.-V. Marcé: J.-B. Baillière et fils (Paris) 1858.
MoghaddamHosseini VM, Nazarzadeh M, Jahanfar S. Interventions for reducing fear of childbirth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials. Women and Birth, 2017, 31254–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2017.10.007
Molgora S, Saita E, Barbieri Carones M, Ferrazzi E, Facchin F. Predictors of Postpartum Depression among Italian Women: A Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health. 2022 Jan 29;19(3):1553. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031553. PMID: 35162574; PMCID: PMC8835615.
Nate DA, Ajayi KV, Hossain MM, Guerby P. Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDRXIV, 2022; 1-23.
Nilsson C, Hessman E, Sjöblom H, et al. Definitions, measurements and prevalence of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2018;18(1):28. Published 2018 Jan 12. doi:10.1186/s12884-018-1659-7
O'Connell MA, Khashan AS, Leahy-Warren P. Women's experiences of interventions for fear of childbirth in the perinatal period: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research evidence. Women Birth. 2021;34(3):e309-e321. doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2020.05.008
Onat G, Bay F. Sağlık Profesyoneli Kadınların Doğum Korkularını Nasıl Dönüştürebilir? Holistik Bakım Örneği. Sağlık Bilimler Dergisi. 2020. Cilt 1, Sayı 2 39-51
Salomonsson B, Wijma K, Alehagen S. Swedish midwives' perceptions of fear of childbirth. Midwifery. (2010) 26:327–37. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2008.07.003
Seefeld L, Weise V, Kopp M, Knappe S, Garthus-Niegel S. Birth Experience Mediates the Association Between Fear of Childbirth and Mother-Child-Bonding Up to 14 Months Postpartum: Findings From the Prospective Cohort Study DREAM. Front Psychiatry. 2022; 12:776922. Published 2022 Jan 20. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.776922
Sen E, Alp Dal N, Dağ H, Senveli S. The reasons for delivery: Related fear and associated factors in western Turkey. NPT. 2015;2(1):25-33.
Srivastava A. Bhatnagar P. Maternal fetal attachment and perceived sterss during pregnancy. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2019; 8 (9), 3750-3756.
Striebich S, Mattern E. Ayerle GM. Support for pregnant women identified with fear of childbirth (FOC)/tokophobia – A systematic review of approaches and interventions. Midwifery, 2018; 61, 97-115.
Taşkın L. (Ed.). (2016). Doğum ve Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği. Akademisyen Tıp Kitapevi.
Toohill J, Fenwick J, Gamble J, Creedy DK. Prevalence of childbirth fear in an Australian sample of pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14:275. Published 2014 Aug 14. doi:10.1186/1471-2393-14-275
Uçar T, Gölbaşı S. Nedenleri ve Sonuçlarıyla Doğum Korkusu. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2015; 4(2), 54-58.
Vahabi YS. The effect of music therapy and relaxation on hospitalized CCU patients’ anxiety. Iran Journal of Psychiatry Clinical Psychology, 2003; 8(3), 75–82.
Wigert H, Nilsson C, Dencker A, et al. Women's experiences of fear of childbirth: a metasynthesis of qualitative studies. International Journal of Quality Study Health Well-being. 2020;15(1):1704484. doi:10.1080/17482631.2019.1704484
Wikman A, Axfors C, Iliadis SI, Cox J, Fransson E, Skalkidou A. Characteristics of women with different perinatal depression trajectories. Journal of Neuroscience Research. 2020;98(7):1268-1282. doi:10.1002/jnr.24390
Yanıkkerem E, Sevil Ü, Yüksel D, Kitapçıoğlu G. (2007) Gebe bir kadının hissettikleri “Korkuyorum”. Jinekoloji ve Obstetrik Dergisi 21 (2), 109-111
Sayfalar
45-54
Gelecek
15 Ocak 2025
Telif Hakkı (c) 2025 Akademisyen Yayınevi Kitap DOI Portalı
