Asemptomatik Postmenopozal Kadınlarda Endometrial Kalınlık

Kişnişçi A Hüsnü, Gökşin Eflatun. Temel Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Bilgisi. 1996; s: 16-21, 958-961, 1319-1351.

Ertüngealp Erdoğan, Seyisoğlu Hakan. Menopoz ve Osteoporoz. 2000; 16-21, 958-961, 1319-1351.

K T, Khaw. Epidemiology of the menopause. British Medical Bulletin. The British Council. 1992; 48 (2): 249-261.

Braunvald Isselbacher, Petersdorf Wilson, Martin Fauci. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine (2). 1987.

DavidNDanforty,JamesRScott(Editors).Obstetrics and Gynecology (5. Edition). 1986.

WilsonandFoster.William’sTextbookandEndocrinology(8. Edition). 1992.

Novak’s Gynecology. 1996; 981-994

Jick H, Porter Je, Morrison A. Relation Between smoking and age of natural menopause. Lancet. 1997; 1: 1354.

RL Byyny, L Sperofi. A Clinical Guide for the Care of Older Women. 1990.

Arısan K. Kadın Hastalıkları. 1983.

Ferenczy A. Endometrial hyperplasia: A two disease concept. Contemporary Issues in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988; 3: 197.

SciarraJJ.Endometrialhyperplasia.SciarraGynecologyand Obstetrics. JB Lippincott Company, Philadelphia. 1992.

PK, Kasdun EJ Zucker, Feldstein ML. The validity of pap smear parameters as predictors of endometrial pathology in menopausal women. Cancer. 1985; 56: 225.

La Polla JP, Nicasias, Me Curdy. Experience with the endopap device for the cytologic detection of uterine cancer and its precursors: A comparision of the endopap with fractional curettage or hysterectomy. Am J Obstet Gynecology. 1990; 163: 1055-1060.

Chambers JJ, Chambers SK. Endometrial sampling: When? Where? Why? With what? Clin Obstet Gynecology. 1992; 35: 28-39.

Goldschmit R, Katz Z, Blickstein I, Caspi B, Dgani R. The accuracy of endometrial pipelle sampling with and without sonographic measurement of endometrial thickness. Obstet Gynecol. 1993; 82: 727-730.

Chambers CB, Unis JS. Ultrasonographic evidence of uterine malignancy in postmenopausal uterus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1986; 154: 1194-9.

Malpani A, Singer J, Wolverson MK, Merenda G. Endometrial hyperplasia: Value of endometrial thickness in ultrasonographic diagnosis and clinical significance. J Clin ultrasound. 1990; 18: 173-7.

Vuento MH, Pirhonen JP, Makinen JI, Tyrkko JE. Screening for endometrial cancer in asymptomatic postmenopausal women with conventional and colour doppler sonography. Br J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Jan; 106 (1): 14-20.

Bourne T, Hamberger L, Hahlin M, Granberg S. Ultrasound in gynecology; endometrium. Int J Gynecology Obstet. 1997 Feb; 56 (2): 115-27.

Brooks SE, Yeatts-Peterson M, Baker SP, Reuter KL. Thickened endometrial stripe and / or endometrial fluid as a marker of pathology: Fact or fancy? Gynecology Oncol. 1996 Oct; 63 (1): 19-24.

Ciatto S, Cecchini S, Bonardi R, Grazzini G, Mazzotta A. A feasibility study of screening for endometrial carcinoma in postmenopausal women by ultrasonography. Tumori. 1995 Sep-Oct; 81 (5): 334-7.

WikIand M, Granberg S, Karlsson B. Replacing diagnostic curettage by vaginal ultrasound. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1993 Apr; 49 (1-2): 35-8. Review.

Botsis D, Kassanos D, Pyrgirtis E, Zourlas PA. Vaginal sonography of the endometrium in postmenopausal women. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 1992; 19 (3): 189-92.

Varner RE, Sparks JM, Cameron CD, Roberts LL, Soong SJ. Transvaginal sonography of the endometrium in postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecology. 1991 Aug; 78 (2): 195-9.

Smith P, Bakos O, Hesmer G, Ultsten U. Transvaginal ultrasound for identifying endometrial abnormality. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1991; 70: 591-4.

Fleischer A-C, Pittaway D-E, Beard L-A, Thime G-A. Sonographic depiction of endometrial change occuring with ovulation induction. J Ultrasound Med. 1984; 3: 341-6.

Nakamura S, Douchi T, Oki T, Ijuin H, Ymamoto S. Relationship between sonographic endometrial thickness and progestin-induced withdrawal bleeding. Obstet Gynecology. 1996; 87: 722-5.

Judd H-L, Shamonki I-M, Frumar A-M, Lagasse L-D. Origin of serum estradiol in postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecology. 1981; 59: 680-6.

Armstrong B-K. Cancer after hormone therapy. Cancer Surv. 1982; 1: 625-52.

Davies J-L, Rosenshin N-B, Antunes C-M-F, Stolley P-D. A review of the risk factor for endometrial carcinoma. Gynecology Surv. 1981; 36: 107-16.

Levi F, Vecchia C-L, Negri E, Parazzini F, Franceschi S. Body mass index at different ages and subsequent endometrial cancer risk. Int J Cancer. 1992; 50: 567-71.

Elliot E-A, Matanoski G-M, Rosenshein N-B, Grunbine F-C. Body fat patterning in women with endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 1990; 39: 253-8.

Osmers R, Volksen M, Schauer A. Vaginosonography for early detection of endometrial carcinoma. Lancet. 1990; 335: 1569-1571.

Finan MA, Hoffman MS, Chambers R, Fiorica JV. Body mass predicts the survival of patients with new international federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage lB1 and IB2 cervical carcinoma treated with radical hysterectomy. Cancer. 1998 Jul; 83 (1): 98-102.

Bakos O, Smith H, Heimer G. Transvaginal ultrasonography for identifying endometrial pathology in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 1994 Dec; 20 (2-3): 181-9.

Osmers RG, Kuhn W. Endometrial cancer screening. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Feb; 6 (1): 75-9.

Cohen MA, Saver MV, Keltz M, Lindhelm SR. Utilizing routine sonohysterography to detect intrauterine pathology before initiating hormone replacement therapy. Menopause. 1999 Spring; 6 (1): 68-70.

Hanggi W, Bersinger N, Altermatt HJ, Birkhauser MH. Comparission of transvaginal ultrasonography and endometrial biopsy in endometrial surveillance in postmenopausal HRT users. Maturitas. 1997 Jun; 27 (2): 133-43.

Smith — Bindman R, Kerlikowske K, Feldstein VA, Subak L. Endovaginal ultrasound to exclude endometrial cancer other endometrial abnormalities. JAMA. 1998 Nov 4; 280 (17): 1510-7.

Mateos F, Zarauz R, Sero C, Rayward R, del Barrio P. Assessment with transvaginal ultrasonography endometrial thickness in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Eur J Gynecol Oncol. 1997; 18 (6): 504-7.

Kekre AN, Juse R, Seshadr L. Transvaginal sonography of endometrium in South Indian postmenopausal women. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynecol. 1997 Nov; 37 (4): 449-51.

Langer RD, Pierre JJ, O’hanlan KA, Johnson SR. Transvaginal ultrasonography compared with endometrial biopsy for the detection of endometrial disease. Postmenopausal Estrogen / Progestin interventions Trial. N Engl J Med. 1997 Dec 18; 337 (25): 1792-8.

Tsuda H, Kawabata M, Yamamoto K, Inove T, Umesaki N. Prospective study compare endometrial cytology and transvaginal

ultrasonography for identification of endometrial malignancies. Gynecol Oncol. 1997 Jun; 65 (3): 383-6.

Lerner JP, Timor — Tritsch IE, Monteagudo A. Use of transvaginal sonography in the evaluation of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1996 Dec; 51 (12): 718-25.

Gull B, Karlsson B, Milsom I, Wikland M, Granberg S. Transvaginal sonography of the endometrium in a representative sample of postmenopausal women. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1996 May; 7 (5): 322-7.

Dijkhuizen FP, Brolmann HA, Potters AE, Bongers MY, Heinz AP. The accuracy of transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of endometrial abnormalities. Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Mar; 87 (3): 345-9.

Wergel M, Friese K, Strittmatter HJ, Melchert F. Measuring the thickness — is that all we have to do for sonographic assessment of endometrium in postmenopausal women? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Aug; 6 (2): 97-102.

Conoscenti G, Meir YJ, Fischer — Tamaro L, Maieron A. Endometrial assessment by transvaginal and sonography and histological findings after D&C in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Aug; 6 (2): 108-15.

Van den Bosch 7, Vandendael A, Van Sshoubroeck D. Combining vaginal ultrasonography and office endometrial sampling in the diagnosis of endometrial disease in postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Mar; 85 (3): 349-52.

Andolf E, Aspenberg P. Age, weight, body mass index and endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1996 Oct; 75 (9): 867-8.

Loizzi V, Bettochi S, Vimercati A, Ceri O, Rossi C, Marello F. Hysteroscopic evaluation of menopausal women with endometrial thickness oh 4 mm or more. J Am Assue Gynecol Laparosc. 2000 May; 7 (2): 191-195.

Osmers R, Volksen M, Rath W, Kuhn W. Vaginosonographic detection of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 1990 May; 32 (1): 35-7.

Ylostalo PR. Ultrasonography of endometrium. Ann Med. 1990 Apr; 22 (2): 105-8 Review.

Nasari MN, Coast GJ. Correlation of ultrasound findings and histopathology in postmenopausal women. Br J Obstet Gynecol. 1989 Nov; 96 (11): 1333-8.

Granberg S, Wikland M, Karlsson B, Norstörm A, Fridberg LG. Endometrial thickness as measured by endovaginal ultrasonography for identifying endometrial abnormality. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991; 164: 47-52.

Fleischer A-C, Kalemeris C, Entmann C-C. Sonographic depiction of the endometrium during normal cycles. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1986; 12: 271-7.

Douchi T, Yoshinaga M, Katanozaka M, Mitani M, Nagata Y. Relationship between body mass index and transvaginal ultrasonographic endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1998; 77: 905-8.

Andolf E, Dahlander K, Aspenberg P. Ultrasonic thickness of the endometrium correlated to body weight in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol. 1993; 82: 936-40.

Tsuda H, Kawabata M, Kawabata K, Yamomoto K, Umesaki U. Improvement of diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound for identification of endometrial malignancies by using cut-off level of endometrial thickness based on length of time since menopause. Gynecol Oncol. 1997; 64: 35-7.

Wranz P-A. Age, weight, body mass index and endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1996; 75: 181-2.

Koss LG, Screiber K, Oberlander SG, Levine HS. Screening of asymptomatic women for endometrial cancer. Obstet Gynecol. 1981; 57: 681-91.

Noda K. High risk factors for cancer of the endometrium among Japanese women. Asia — Oceania J Obstet Gynecol. 1987; 13: 369- 375.

Grimes DA. Diagnostic dilatation and curettage: A reapraisal. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982; 142: 1-6.

Holst J, Koskela O, von Schultz B. Endometrial findings following curettage in 2018 women according to age and indications. Ann Chir Gynecol. 1983; 72: 274-7.

Word B, Gravlee LC, Wideman GL. The fallacy of simple uterine curettage. Obstet Gynecol. 1958; 12: 642-7.

Fleischer AC, Kalemeris GC, Machin JE. Sonographic depiction of normal and abnormal endometrium with histopathologic correlation. J Ultrasound Med. 1986; 5: 445-52.

Coleman BG, Arger PH, Grumbach K. Transvaginal and transabdominal sonography: Prospective comparison. Radiology. 1988; 168: 639-43.

Curuikshank DJ, Rondall JM, Miller ID. Vaginal endosonography in endometrial cancer. Lancet. 1989; 1: 445-6.

Cacciatore B, Lehtovirta P, Wohlström T, Ylöstalo P. Ultrasonic evaluation of endometrial cancer. Helsinki: Euroson. 1987: 187.

Rosenberg P, Hakansson OM. Intrauterine ultrasonography and endometrial cancer. Lancet. 1989; 2: 842-3.

Fleischer AC, Mendelson EB, Bohm — Velez M. Transvaginal and transabdominal sonography of the endometrium. Semin Ultrasound Comput Tomogr Magnet Res. 1988; 9: 81-101.

Parson AK. Sonography: A new method to evaluate the endometrium. Menopausal Medicine. 1993; 1: 9-12.

Mazer C, Israel SL. Symptoms and treatment of the menopause. Med Clin North Am. 1935; 19: 205.

Vermeulen A, Verdonck L. Sex hormone concentrations in postmenopausal women: Relation to obesity, fat mass, age and years postmenopause. Clin Endocrinology. 1978; 9: 59.

Greer G. The Change. Women, ageing and the menopause. London: Hamish Hamilton. 1991.

Lock M. Contested meanings of the menopause. Lancet. 1991; 337: 1270-1272.

Aktüel Tıp Dergisi. Menopoz Özel Sayısı. 2000 Şubat; 5 (2).

Archer DF, Lobo RA, Land HF, Pickar JH. A comperative study of transvaginal uterine ultrasound and endometrial biopsy for evaluating the endometrium of postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy. Menopause. 1999 Feb; 6 (3): 201-8.

Hendrickson M, Xenyson R. The normal endometrium base line. Surgical Pathology of the Uterine corpus. 1986; pp: 36-98.

Gusberg S. Diagnosis and principles of treatment of cancer of the endometrium. Female Genital Cancer. 1988; 351.

Mac Kenzie I, Bibby J. Critical assessment of dilatation and curettage in 1029 women. Lancet. 1978; 2: 566-568.

Lidor A, Ismajovich B, Confino E, et al. Histopathological findings in

226 women with postmenopausal uterine bleeding. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1986; 65: 41-43.

Creasman W, Weed J. Carcinoma of endometrium (F 160 stages 1 & 2): Clinical features and management. Gynecologic Oncology: Fundamental Principles and Clinical Practice. 1981; 567.

Koss L, Schreiber K, Oberlander S, et al. Detection of endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasia in asymptomatic women. Obstet Gynecol. 1984; 64: 1-11.

Archer D, Ms Intyre — Seltman K, Wilborn W, et al. Endometrial morphology in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991; 165: 317.

Cristopherson W, Gray L. Premalignant lesions of endometrium: Endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma in situ. Gynecologic Oncology: Fundamental Principles and Clinical Practice. 1981; 531- 545.

Norris H, Connor M, Kurrman R. Preinvasive lesions of the endometrium. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1986; 13 (4): 725-738.

Pettersson B, Adami H-O, Lindgren A, et al. Endometrial polyps and carcinoma of the endometrium. Obstet Gynecol. 1967; 4: 524-529.

VuopaIa S. Diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability of cytological and histological methods for investigating endometrial carcinoma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scan. 1977; 70: 22-25.

Goldstein S. Incorporating endovaginal ultrasonography into the overall gynecologic examination. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990; 162: 625-632.

MencagIia L, Valle R, Perino A, et al. Endometrial carcinoma and its precursors: Early detection and treatment. Int J Obstet Gynecol. 1990; 31: 107-116.

Nakano H, Sakamato C, Koyanagi T, et at. Endometrial images by ultrasound. Acta Obstet Gynecol Jpn. 1982; 34: 275-278.

Sheth S, Hamper U, Kurman R. Thickened endometrium in postmenopausal women: Sonographic — Pathological Correlation. Radiology. 1993; 187: 135-139.

Schwimer S, Lebovic J. Transvaginal pelvic ultrasonography. J Ultrasound Med. 1984; 3: 381-383.

Timor — Tritsch I, Bar-Yarn Y, Elgali S, et al. The technique of transvaginal sonography with the use of a 6,5 MHz probe. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988; 158: 1019-1024.

KarIsson B, Granberg S, Ridell B, et al. Endometrial thickness as measured by transvaginal sonography. Interobserver variation. J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1994; 4: 320-325.

Cohen D, Hines R, Whitman G, et al. Ultrasound evaluation of endometrial thickness: How good are the measurements? Abstract. Andrology society. 1993 Oct; 140.

Karlsson B, Granberg S, Wikland M, Ylostalo P, Torvid K. Transvaginal sonography of the endometrium in postmenopausal women to identify endometrial abnormality. A nordic multi-center study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995; 172: 1448-1494.

Bourne T, Campbell S, Whitehead M, et al. Detection of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women by transvaginal ultrasonography and colour flow imaging. Br Med J. 1990; 301: 369-370.

Bistoletti P, Hijerpe A, Möllerström A. Cytological diagnosis of endometrial cancer and preinvasive endometrial lesions. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1988; 67: 343-345.

Rullo S, Piccioni M, Framarino dei Malatesta M, et al. Sonographic hysteroscopic, histological correlation in the early diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. Eur J Gynecol Oncol. 1991; 12: 463-469.

Arthur Fleischer. Sonography of uterus and endometrium. Gynecology Principles & Practice. 1996; 851-868.

Aksel S. Menopozda osteoporoz ve kalsiyum metabolizması. Jinekoloji Obstetrik Dergisi. 1991; 132-136.

Fournet N, Judd HL. Menopause overview. Reproductive Medicine Surgery. 1995; 961-981.

Hargrove JT, Eisenberg E. Menopause. Med Clin North Am. 1995; 79: 1337-1356.

Huert R, Mane A, Malacara JM, Diaz de Leon J. Symptomps at perimenopausal period: Its association with attitudes toward sexuality, life-style, family function, and FSH levels. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1995; 20: 135-148.

Mendelson EB, Bohm-Velez M, Joseph N, Neiman HL. Endometrial abnormalities: Evaluation with transvaginal sonography. AJR. 1988; 150: 139-142.

Mac Mahon B. Risk factors for endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 1974; 2: 122-129.

The Swedish Cancer Registry. Cancer incidence in Sweden. The National Board of Health and Welfare. 1993.

Goldstein SR, Nachtigall M, Snyder RJ, Nachtigall L. Endometrial assessment by vaginal ultrasonography before endometrial sampling in patients with postmenopausal bleeding. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990; 163: 119-123.

Granberg S, Friberg L-G, Norström A, et al. Endovaginal ultrasound scanning of women with postmenopausal bleeding. J Ultrasound Med. 1988; 7: 283.

Netter F-H. Reproductive System. 1970.

Dissaia P-J. Clinical Anotomy of the Female Genital Tract. Danforth’s Obstetrics and Gynecology (7. Edition). 1994; 1: 1-9.

Moore K. Clinically Oriented Anotomy (2. Edition). 1985.

Williams P-L, Warwich R. Gray’s Anotomy (37. Edition). 1989. 117- Cormack DH. Ham’s Histology. 1987; 620-644.

Fawcett DW. A Textbook of Histology. 1994; 816-858.

Development Biology. Sinaver Associates, Sunderland. 1991. 120- Larson WJ. Human Embryology. 1993; 247-277.

Moore KL. The Developing Human. Clinically Oriented Embryology. 1993; 14-123, 281-30.

Pernol ML. Embryology of the urogenital system and congenital anomalies of the female genital tract. Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Diagnosis and Treatment. 1991; 66-87.

Sadler TW. Langman’s Medical Embryology. 1990; 3-58, 257-278. 124- Ross MH, Reith EJ, Romrell LJ. Histology a Text and Atlas. 1989; 679-682.

Granberg S, Wikland M, Norstrõm A. Endovaginal ultrasound for identifying a bladder tumor as the cause of a vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1991; 1: 63-65.

Kossoff G, GrÍffiths KA, Dixon CE. Is the quality of transvaginal images superior to transabdominal ones under matched conditions? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1991; 1: 29-35.

Stowall TG, Solomon SK, Ling FW. Endometrial sampling prior to hysterectomy. Obstet Gynecol. 1989; 73: 405-409.

Choo Y, Mak K, Hsu C, Wong T. Postmenopausal uterine bleeding of nonorganic cause. Obstet Gynecol. 1992; 107-111.

Wikland M, Granberg S, Karlsson B, Norström A. Endometrial thickness as measured by endovaginal ultrasound a reliable parameter for excluding endometrial pathology in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1992; 1: 79-83.

Berek JS, Hacker NF. Practical Gynecologic Oncology (5. Edition). 1994.

Ross LD. Pelvic ultrasound: should it be used routinely in the diagnosis and screening of postmenopausal bleeding? JR Sos Med. 1988; 81: 723-724.

Nasari MN, Shepherd JH, Setchell ME. Sonographic depiction of postmenopausal endometrium with transabdominal and transvaginal scanning. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1991; 1: 279-283.

Nasari MN, Shepherd JH, Setchell ME, Lowe DG, Chard T. The role of vaginal scan in measurement of endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women. Br J Obstet Gynecol. 1991; 98: 470-475.

Chambers CB, Unis JS. Ultrasonographic evidence of uterine malignancy in the postmenopausal uterus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1986; 154: 1194-1199.

Tsuda H, Kawabata K, Yamamoto K, Hidako A. Digerences between occidental and oriental postmenopausal women in cut-off level of endometrial thickness for endometrial cancer screening by vaginal scan. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995; 172: 1494-1495.

Bhattacharya M, Barlow J. Ovarian tumor antigens. Obstet Gynecol. 1978; 42: 1616.

Slodkevicius P, Valentin L, Marsal K. Endometrial thickness and doppler velocimetry of the uterine arteries as discriminators of endometrial status in women with postmenopausal bleeding: a comperative study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994; 171: 722-728.

Paloucek FP, Graham JB, Randall CL. Benign postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. JAMA. 1967: 199: 111.

Miyazawa K, et al. Clinical significance of an enlarged uterus in patients with postmenopausal bleeding. Israel J Med Sci. 1977; 13: 299.

Stock R, Kanbour A. Prehysterectomy curettage. Obstet Gynecol. 1975; 64: 653-659.

Koonings P, Moyer D, Grimes D. A randomized clinical trial comparing pipelle and Tis-U-Trap for endometrial biopsy. Obstet Gynecol. 1990; 75: 293-295.

Auslender R, Bornstein J, Dirnfeld M, et al. Vaginal ultrasonography in patients with postmenopausal bleeding. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1993; 3: 426-428.

Rudelstorfer R, Nanz S, Bernaschek G. Vaginosonography and its diagnostic value in postmenopausal bleeding. Arch Gynecol Obstetric. 1990; 248: 37-44.

Dörum A, Kristensen B, Langebrekke A, et al. Evaluation of endometrial thickness measured by endovaginal ultrasound in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1993; 72: 116-119.

Weiner 2, Beck D, Rottem S, et al. Uterine artery flow velocity wave forms and colour flow imagining in women with perimenopausal and postmenopausal bleeding. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1993; 72: 162- 166.

Parazzini F, LA Vecchia C, Bocciolone L, Frances chi S. The epidemiology of endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 1991; 41: 1-1.

Osmers RGW, Kuhn W. Endometrial cancer screening. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 1994; 6: 75-9.

Kronmal RA. Spurios correlation and the fallacy of the ratio standard revisited. J R Statist Soc A. 1993; 156: 379-392.

Tsuda H, Kawabata M, Kawabata K, Ogita S. Endometrial assessment by transabdominal ultrasonography in postmenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol. 1993; 52: 201-204.

Tsuda H, Kawabata M, Umesaki N, Kawabata K, Ogita S. Vaginal scan for identifying endometrial abnormality; A limitation for clinical management: Case reports. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1995; 40: 64-65.

Smith B, Porter R, Ahuja K, Craft I. Ultrasonic assessment of endometrial changes in stimulated cycles in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program. J In Vitro Fertil Embryo Transfer. 1984; 1: 233-238.

Sakamoto C, Yoshimutu K, Nakamura G, Ootsuka H, Yoshida K. Sonographic study of endometrial response to ovarian hormone in patients receiving ovarian stimulation. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 1988; 27: 407-414.

Montag TW. Tumor markers in gynecologic oncology. Obstet Gynecol Survey. 1992; 45 (2): 94.

Niloff JM, Knapp RC, Schaetzl E, Rynodls C, Bast RC. CA-125 antigen levels in obstetric and gynecologic patients. Obstet Gynecol. 1984; 64: 703.