Tetanoz
Özet
Tetanoz, toprakta bulunan Clostridium tetani’nin toksin üreterek meydana getirdiği bir sinir sistemi hastalığıdır. C.tetani sporlarının oluşumuyla sonuçlanan kesici ve delici yaralanmalar, iskemi gibi durumlar hastalığın ortaya çıkmasına sebep olur. Generalize, lokalize, sefalik ve neonatal tetanoz olmak üzere dört klinik formu vardır. Karakteristik olarak iskelet kaslarında tonik kasılmalar, kas spazmları ve şiddetli ağrıyla seyreder. Hastalığa özgü klinik bulgulara dayanarak tanı konulabilir. Tedavi hedefleri; toksin üretimini durdurmak, toksinin nötralizasyonu, hava yolu güvenliğinin sağlanması, kas spazmlarının kontrolü ve otonomik disfonksiyonun yönetimidir. Hastalığın önlenmesi ve kontrolünde primer aşılama, yaralanma durumunda yara bakımının yapılması, yabancı cisim varsa çıkarılması, antibiyotik tedavisi ve tetanoz profilaksisi önemlidir.
Tetanus is a disease of the nervous system caused by Clostridium tetani, a toxin found in soil. Conditions such as cutting and piercing injuries and ischemia resulting in the formation of C.tetani spores cause the disease to occur. There are four clinical forms: generalized, localized, cephalic and neonatal tetanus. It is characterized by tonic contractions of skeletal muscles, muscle spasms and severe pain. Diagnosis can be made based on disease-specific clinical findings. Treatment goals are to stop toxin production, neutralization of the toxin, ensuring airway safety, control of muscle spasms and management of autonomic dysfunction. Primary vaccination, wound care in case of injury, removal of foreign bodies, antibiotic treatment and tetanus.
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