Ülkelere Göre Cinsel Sağlık
Özet
Ülkeler arasındaki cinsel sağlık farklılıkları, kültürel, ekonomik, sosyal, eğitim seviyeleri ve politik dinamikler gibi çeşitli etkenlerden kaynaklanmaktadır. Gelişmiş ülkeler genellikle cinsel sağlık hizmetlerine daha iyi bir erişim sağlayabilmekte ve cinsel sağlık eğitimi konusunda daha ileri düzeyde kaynaklara sahip olabilmektedir. Öte yandan, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde bu hizmetlere ulaşım konusunda sıkıntılar yaşatabilmekte, çeşitli kültürel normlar ve toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ise cinsel sağlık konularında farklı yaklaşımlara yol açabilmektedir. Cinsel sağlık, bir toplumun genel sağlık durumunu etkileyen önemli bir unsurdur ve bu alandaki eşitsizlikler, sağlık hizmetlerine ve bilgiye erişimdeki farklılıklardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Eğitim seviyesi, cinsel sağlık bilinci, aile planlaması ve cinsel yolla bulaşan enfeksiyonlara (CYBE) karşı korunma konularındaki bilgi düzeyi, ülkeler arasında önemli varyasyonlara neden olabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, cinsel sağlık politikalarının ve hizmetlerinin ülke özelliklerine uygun olarak geliştirilmesi ve uygulanması kritik öneme sahiptir. Kültürel normlar, dini inançlar ve toplumun genel tutumları da cinsel sağlık konularında belirleyici olabilmektedir. Cinsellikle ilgili tabular, açık iletişim eksikliği ve cinsel eğitim programlarının yetersizliği, birçok ülkede cinsel sağlık sorunlarını derinleştirmektedir. Bu nedenle, kültürel çeşitlilik gözetilerek, cinsel sağlık konularında bilinçlendirme programları ve eğitim kampanyalarının geliştirilmesi önem arz etmektedir.
Referanslar
Starrs AM, Ezeh AC, Barker G, et al. Accelerate progress—sexual and reproductive health and rights for all: report of the Guttmacher–Lancet Commission. The lancet. 2018; 391(10140): 2642-2692.
Buchmueller T, Ham JC, Shore-Sheppard LD. The medicaid program. Economics of Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the United States, 2015;(1): 21-136.
Ford JV, Ivankovich MB, Douglas JM, et al. The need to promote sexual health in America. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2017; 44(10): 579-585.
Basile KC, Chen J, Black MC, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence victimization among U.S. adults, 2001–2003. Violence and Victims. 2007; 22: 437–448.
Black MC, Basile KC, Breiding MJ, et al. The national ıntimate partner and sexual violence survey (NISVS): 2010 summary report. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011.
Yücesan A, Alkaya SA. Okullarda göz ardı edilen bir konu: cinsel sağlık eğitimi. SDÜ Tıp Fak Dergisi, 2018; 25(2):200-209.
Mustanski B, Greene GJ, Ryan D, et al. Feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of an online sexual health promotion program for LGBT youth: The queer sex ed intervention. Journal of Sex Research, 2015; 52(2): 220–230.
Kantor LM, Lindberg L. Pleasure and sex education: The need for broadening both content and measurement. American Journal of Public Health, 2020;110(2): 145-148.
Hall KS, Sales JM, Komro KA, et al. Santelli, J. The state of sex education in the United States. Journal of Adolescent Health, 2016;58(6): 595-597.
Johnson ER. Sex education in the United States: Implications for sexual health and health policy. The Corinthian, 2020;20(1): 14.
Roberts C, Shiman LJ, Dowling EA, et al. LGBTQ+ students of colour and their experiences and needs in sexual health education: ‘You belong here just as everybody else’. Sex Education, 2020;20(3): 267-282.
Stevens S, Thompson EM, Vinson J, et al. Informing sexuality education through youth-generated anonymous questions. Sex Education, 2012; 13 (1): 84-98.
Donaldson AA, Lindberg LD, Ellen JM, et al. Receipt of sexual health information from parents, teachers, and healthcare providers by sexually experienced U.S. adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2013;53(2):235–240.
Lindberg LD, Maddow-Zimet I, Boonstra H. Changes in adolescents' receipt of sex education, 2006-2013. J Adolesc Health. 2016;58(6):621–627.
Minichiello V, Rahman S, Dune T, et al. E-health: potential benefits and challenges in providing and accessing sexual health services. BMC Public Health, 2013;13(1): 1-7.
Weaver H, Smith G, Kippax S. School‐based sex education policies and indicators of sexual health among young people: a comparison of the Netherlands, France, Australia and the United States. Sex Education, 2005;5(2): 171-188.
Parker R, Wellings K, Lazarus JV. Sexuality education in Europe: An overview of current policies. Sex Education, 2009;9(3): 227-242.
Dyrand S, Bajos N. Teenage Sexual and Reproductive Behaviour in Developed Countries, Country Report for France (No. 5). New York & Washington: The Alan Guttmacher Institute.2001;19-58.
Siguier M, Molina JM. HIV preexposure prophylaxis: An essential, safe and effective prevention tool for sexual health. Medecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 2018;48(5), 318-326.
French RS, Coope CM, Graham A, et al. One stop shop versus collaborative integration: what is the best way of delivering sexual health services? Sex Transm Infect. 2006;82(3):202-206.
Magee JC, Bigelow L, DeHaan S, et al. Sexual health information seeking online: a mixed-methods study among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender young people. Health Education & Behavior, 2012;39(3): 276-289.
Oliver A. The english national health service: 1979‐2005. Health economics, 2005;14(S1): 75-99.
Kinghorn G. A sexual health and HIV strategy for England: This ambitious strategy could, if properly resourced, greatly improve sexual health. BMJ, 2001;323(7307): 243-244.
Pacho A, Harding-Esch EM, Heming De-Allie EG, et al. Facilitators and barriers for clinical implementation of a 30-minute point-of-care test for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis into clinical care: A qualitative study within sexual health services in England. Plos one, 2022;17(3): e0265173.
Edwards WM, Coleman E. Defining sexual health: a descriptive overview. Archives of sexual Behavior, 2004;33: 189-195.
Blomquist PB, Mohammed H, Mikhail A, et al. Characteristics and sexual health service use of MSM engaging in chemsex: results from a large online survey in England. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020;96(8): 590-595.
Gray NJ, Klein JD, Noyce PR, et al. Health information-seeking behaviour in adolescence: the place of the internet. Social science & medicine, 2005;60(7): 1467-1478.
Evans DT. Sexual health matters! learning for life: mapping client need and professional sexual health education for nurses in England (Doctoral dissertation). University of Greenwich, 2011.
Kneale D, Henley J, Thomas J, et al. Inequalities in older LGBT people's health and care needs in the United Kingdom: a systematic scoping review. Ageing & Society, 2021;41(3): 493-515.
Bell KJ. Wake up and smell the condoms: An analysis of sex education programs in the United States, The Netherlands, Sweden, Australia, France, and Germany. Inquiries Journal, 2009;1(11):1-3.
Von Rosen AJ, Von Rosen FT, Tinnemann P, et al. Sexual health and the internet: cross-sectional study of online preferences among adolescents. Journal of medical Internet research, 2017;19(11): e379.
Scharmanski S, Hessling A. Sexuality education for young people in Germany. Results of the 'Youth Sexuality' representative repeat survey. J Health Monit. 2022;7(2):21-38.
Hilgers A, Krenzer S, Mundhenke N. Richtlinien und lehrpläne zur sexualerziehung. forschung und praxis der sexualaufklärung und familienplanung. Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA), 2004:165-172.
Bremer V, Dudareva-Vizule S, Buder S, et al. Sexually transmitted infections in Germany: The current epidemiological situation. Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz, 2017; 60: 948-957.
Peucker M. Equality and anti-discrimination approaches in Germany. Social Science Open Access Repository, 2007;1-13.
Davidson-Schmich LK. LGBT politics in Germany: Unification as a catalyst for change. German Politics, 2017;26(4): 534-555.
Muis Q, Sieben I, Reeskens T, et al. Seksueel-ethische permissiviteit: Trends in Nederland 1981-2017. Mens & maatschappij, 2019;94(4): 429-458.
Gölbaşı Z. Sağlıklı gençlik ve toplum için bir adım: Cinsel sağlık eğitimi. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2003; 5(2). ISSN: 1303-0256.
Mouthaan I, Van der Vlugt I. Seksuele gezondheidsbevordering van jongeren in Nederland. Intieme relaties en seksualiteit, 2015;105-112.
Parry MS, Schalkwijk H. Lost objects and missing histories: HIV/AIDS in the Netherlands. In Adair JG, Levin AK (Eds.), Museums, sexuality, and gender activism, 2020; 113-125. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429202889-10.
Nyman F, Jellesma FC. Prevention of HIV in the MSM Population: A Cultural-Historical Comparison of Sweden and the Netherlands. Journal of Homosexuality, 2022;71(1):28-55.
Baams L, Dubas JS, Van Aken MA. Comprehensive sexuality education as a longitudinal predictor of LGBTQ name-calling and perceived willingness to intervene in school. Journal of youth and adolescence, 2017;46: 931-942.
Huijnk W. Opvattingen Over Seksuele en Genderdiversiteit in Nederland en Europa 2022. Den Haag: Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau; 2022.[Online] https://www.scp.nl/publicaties/publicaties/opvattingen-over-seksuele-en-genderdiversiteit-in-nederland-en-europa.[Accessed: 15.05.2023]
Adesina MA, Olufadewa II. Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) curriculum in 10 east and southern african countries and HIV prevalence among the youth. European Journal of Environment and Public Health, 2020;4(1): 2542-4904.
Han J, Bennish ML. Condom access in South African schools: Law, policy, and practice. PLoS Med. 2009;6(1):0025–9.
Swart RE, Engelbrecht P, Eloff I, et al. Implementing inclusive education in South Africa: Teachers' attitudes and experiences. Acta Academica, 2002;34(1): 175-189.
Welch T, Gultig J. Becoming competent: Initiatives for the improvement of teacher education in South Africa, 1995 to 2002. Paper presented to the Pan-Commonwealth Conference, Durban, South Africa. 2002:38-41.
Zwarenstein M, Fairall LR, Lombard C, et al. Outreach education for integration of HIV/AIDS care, antiretroviral treatment, and tuberculosis care in primary care clinics in South Africa: Palsa Plus pragmatic cluster randomised trial. BMJ, 2011;342:d2022:1-8.
Ndaki K. South African youth and HIV/AIDS. Report of the research done by Wits University’s Reproductive Health Research Unit and Medical Research Council. 2004. [Online] http://www.health-e.org.za/news/article.php?uid=20030975 [Accessed: 15.05.2023]
Shisana O, Simbayi L. Nelson Mandela/HSRC study of HIV/AIDS, South African National HIV prevalence, behavioural risks and mass media household survey. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council, 2002:1-24.
Karim SSA, Churchyard GJ, Karim QA, et al. HIV infection and tuberculosis in South Africa: an urgent need to escalate the public health response. The Lancet, 2009;374(9693): 921-933.
Van Rensburg DH, Steyn F, Schneider H, et al. Human resource development and antiretroviral treatment in Free State province, South Africa. Human Resources for Health, 2008;6(1): 1-10.
Airhihenbuwa CO, Webster JD. Culture and African contexts of HIV/AIDS prevention, care and support. Sahara-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 2004;1(1): 4-13.
Visser MJ. HIV/AIDS prevention through peer education and support in secondary schools in South Africa. SAHARA: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance, 2007;4(3): 678-694.
Mathews C, Boon H, Flisher AJ, et al. Factors associated with teachers’ implementation of HIV/AIDS education in secondary schools in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS care, 2006;18(4): 388-397.
Oraby D. Assessment of universal access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services in Egypt. African Evaluation Journal, 2015;3(2): 1-6.
Ayman M. Women’s sexual health rights in Egypt. Journal of International Women's Studies, 2022; 23(1): 1-8.
Abd El-Mawgod M, Elghazally S, Mohammed H, et al. Views and attitudes of university students in Upper Egypt towards youth health centers. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 2020;95(1):1-9.
Latifnejad Roudsari R, Javadnoori M, Hasanpour M, et al. Socio-cultural challenges to sexual health education for female adolescents in Iran. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine, 2013;11(2.):101-110.
Alomair N, Alageel S, Davies N, et al. Factors influencing sexual and reproductive health of Muslim women: a systematic review. Reproductive Health, 2020;17(1):1-15.
Maraee AH, Elmoselhy HM, El-Gamel TA. Knowledge and attitude as regards sexual health among medical students of Menoufia University, Egypt. Menoufia Medical Journal, 2016;29(4): 1085-1091.
Esin A, Mıhçıokur S, Demir C, et al. Türkiye’de cinsel sağlık ve üreme sağlığı durum analizi raporu. Cinsel Sağlık & Üreme Sağlığı Hakları (CİSÜ) Platformu, Nisan 2021.
Pınar G, Doğan N, Ökdem Ş, et al. Özel bir üniversitede okuyan öğrencilerin cinsel sağlıkla ilgili bilgi tutum ve davranışları. Tıp Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2009;7(2):105-113.
Siyez D, Siyez E. Üniversite öğrencilerinin cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklara ilişkin bilgi düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Türk Üroloji Dergisi, 2009; 35(1):49-55.
Üstündağ A. cinsel sağlık ve üreme sağlığı eğitiminin gençler üzerinde etkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Başkent University Journal Of Education, 2017;4(1): 1-10.
Güler S, Yöndem ZD. Ergenlik ve cinsel sağlık eğitimi ile ilgili grup rehberliğinin 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin bilgi ve tutumlarına etkisi. İlköğretim Online, 2007; 6(1): 2-10.
Öztürk B, Siyez DM. İlköğretim 6. sınıf öğrencilerine yönelik cinsel eğitim programının etkililiğinin incelenmesi. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 2015; 1(16): 30-55.
Buchmueller T, Ham JC, Shore-Sheppard LD. The medicaid program. Economics of Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the United States, 2015;(1): 21-136.
Ford JV, Ivankovich MB, Douglas JM, et al. The need to promote sexual health in America. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2017; 44(10): 579-585.
Basile KC, Chen J, Black MC, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence victimization among U.S. adults, 2001–2003. Violence and Victims. 2007; 22: 437–448.
Black MC, Basile KC, Breiding MJ, et al. The national ıntimate partner and sexual violence survey (NISVS): 2010 summary report. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011.
Yücesan A, Alkaya SA. Okullarda göz ardı edilen bir konu: cinsel sağlık eğitimi. SDÜ Tıp Fak Dergisi, 2018; 25(2):200-209.
Mustanski B, Greene GJ, Ryan D, et al. Feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of an online sexual health promotion program for LGBT youth: The queer sex ed intervention. Journal of Sex Research, 2015; 52(2): 220–230.
Kantor LM, Lindberg L. Pleasure and sex education: The need for broadening both content and measurement. American Journal of Public Health, 2020;110(2): 145-148.
Hall KS, Sales JM, Komro KA, et al. Santelli, J. The state of sex education in the United States. Journal of Adolescent Health, 2016;58(6): 595-597.
Johnson ER. Sex education in the United States: Implications for sexual health and health policy. The Corinthian, 2020;20(1): 14.
Roberts C, Shiman LJ, Dowling EA, et al. LGBTQ+ students of colour and their experiences and needs in sexual health education: ‘You belong here just as everybody else’. Sex Education, 2020;20(3): 267-282.
Stevens S, Thompson EM, Vinson J, et al. Informing sexuality education through youth-generated anonymous questions. Sex Education, 2012; 13 (1): 84-98.
Donaldson AA, Lindberg LD, Ellen JM, et al. Receipt of sexual health information from parents, teachers, and healthcare providers by sexually experienced U.S. adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2013;53(2):235–240.
Lindberg LD, Maddow-Zimet I, Boonstra H. Changes in adolescents' receipt of sex education, 2006-2013. J Adolesc Health. 2016;58(6):621–627.
Minichiello V, Rahman S, Dune T, et al. E-health: potential benefits and challenges in providing and accessing sexual health services. BMC Public Health, 2013;13(1): 1-7.
Weaver H, Smith G, Kippax S. School‐based sex education policies and indicators of sexual health among young people: a comparison of the Netherlands, France, Australia and the United States. Sex Education, 2005;5(2): 171-188.
Parker R, Wellings K, Lazarus JV. Sexuality education in Europe: An overview of current policies. Sex Education, 2009;9(3): 227-242.
Dyrand S, Bajos N. Teenage Sexual and Reproductive Behaviour in Developed Countries, Country Report for France (No. 5). New York & Washington: The Alan Guttmacher Institute.2001;19-58.
Siguier M, Molina JM. HIV preexposure prophylaxis: An essential, safe and effective prevention tool for sexual health. Medecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 2018;48(5), 318-326.
French RS, Coope CM, Graham A, et al. One stop shop versus collaborative integration: what is the best way of delivering sexual health services? Sex Transm Infect. 2006;82(3):202-206.
Magee JC, Bigelow L, DeHaan S, et al. Sexual health information seeking online: a mixed-methods study among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender young people. Health Education & Behavior, 2012;39(3): 276-289.
Oliver A. The english national health service: 1979‐2005. Health economics, 2005;14(S1): 75-99.
Kinghorn G. A sexual health and HIV strategy for England: This ambitious strategy could, if properly resourced, greatly improve sexual health. BMJ, 2001;323(7307): 243-244.
Pacho A, Harding-Esch EM, Heming De-Allie EG, et al. Facilitators and barriers for clinical implementation of a 30-minute point-of-care test for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis into clinical care: A qualitative study within sexual health services in England. Plos one, 2022;17(3): e0265173.
Edwards WM, Coleman E. Defining sexual health: a descriptive overview. Archives of sexual Behavior, 2004;33: 189-195.
Blomquist PB, Mohammed H, Mikhail A, et al. Characteristics and sexual health service use of MSM engaging in chemsex: results from a large online survey in England. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020;96(8): 590-595.
Gray NJ, Klein JD, Noyce PR, et al. Health information-seeking behaviour in adolescence: the place of the internet. Social science & medicine, 2005;60(7): 1467-1478.
Evans DT. Sexual health matters! learning for life: mapping client need and professional sexual health education for nurses in England (Doctoral dissertation). University of Greenwich, 2011.
Kneale D, Henley J, Thomas J, et al. Inequalities in older LGBT people's health and care needs in the United Kingdom: a systematic scoping review. Ageing & Society, 2021;41(3): 493-515.
Bell KJ. Wake up and smell the condoms: An analysis of sex education programs in the United States, The Netherlands, Sweden, Australia, France, and Germany. Inquiries Journal, 2009;1(11):1-3.
Von Rosen AJ, Von Rosen FT, Tinnemann P, et al. Sexual health and the internet: cross-sectional study of online preferences among adolescents. Journal of medical Internet research, 2017;19(11): e379.
Scharmanski S, Hessling A. Sexuality education for young people in Germany. Results of the 'Youth Sexuality' representative repeat survey. J Health Monit. 2022;7(2):21-38.
Hilgers A, Krenzer S, Mundhenke N. Richtlinien und lehrpläne zur sexualerziehung. forschung und praxis der sexualaufklärung und familienplanung. Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA), 2004:165-172.
Bremer V, Dudareva-Vizule S, Buder S, et al. Sexually transmitted infections in Germany: The current epidemiological situation. Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz, 2017; 60: 948-957.
Peucker M. Equality and anti-discrimination approaches in Germany. Social Science Open Access Repository, 2007;1-13.
Davidson-Schmich LK. LGBT politics in Germany: Unification as a catalyst for change. German Politics, 2017;26(4): 534-555.
Muis Q, Sieben I, Reeskens T, et al. Seksueel-ethische permissiviteit: Trends in Nederland 1981-2017. Mens & maatschappij, 2019;94(4): 429-458.
Gölbaşı Z. Sağlıklı gençlik ve toplum için bir adım: Cinsel sağlık eğitimi. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2003; 5(2). ISSN: 1303-0256.
Mouthaan I, Van der Vlugt I. Seksuele gezondheidsbevordering van jongeren in Nederland. Intieme relaties en seksualiteit, 2015;105-112.
Parry MS, Schalkwijk H. Lost objects and missing histories: HIV/AIDS in the Netherlands. In Adair JG, Levin AK (Eds.), Museums, sexuality, and gender activism, 2020; 113-125. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429202889-10.
Nyman F, Jellesma FC. Prevention of HIV in the MSM Population: A Cultural-Historical Comparison of Sweden and the Netherlands. Journal of Homosexuality, 2022;71(1):28-55.
Baams L, Dubas JS, Van Aken MA. Comprehensive sexuality education as a longitudinal predictor of LGBTQ name-calling and perceived willingness to intervene in school. Journal of youth and adolescence, 2017;46: 931-942.
Huijnk W. Opvattingen Over Seksuele en Genderdiversiteit in Nederland en Europa 2022. Den Haag: Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau; 2022.[Online] https://www.scp.nl/publicaties/publicaties/opvattingen-over-seksuele-en-genderdiversiteit-in-nederland-en-europa.[Accessed: 15.05.2023]
Adesina MA, Olufadewa II. Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) curriculum in 10 east and southern african countries and HIV prevalence among the youth. European Journal of Environment and Public Health, 2020;4(1): 2542-4904.
Han J, Bennish ML. Condom access in South African schools: Law, policy, and practice. PLoS Med. 2009;6(1):0025–9.
Swart RE, Engelbrecht P, Eloff I, et al. Implementing inclusive education in South Africa: Teachers' attitudes and experiences. Acta Academica, 2002;34(1): 175-189.
Welch T, Gultig J. Becoming competent: Initiatives for the improvement of teacher education in South Africa, 1995 to 2002. Paper presented to the Pan-Commonwealth Conference, Durban, South Africa. 2002:38-41.
Zwarenstein M, Fairall LR, Lombard C, et al. Outreach education for integration of HIV/AIDS care, antiretroviral treatment, and tuberculosis care in primary care clinics in South Africa: Palsa Plus pragmatic cluster randomised trial. BMJ, 2011;342:d2022:1-8.
Ndaki K. South African youth and HIV/AIDS. Report of the research done by Wits University’s Reproductive Health Research Unit and Medical Research Council. 2004. [Online] http://www.health-e.org.za/news/article.php?uid=20030975 [Accessed: 15.05.2023]
Shisana O, Simbayi L. Nelson Mandela/HSRC study of HIV/AIDS, South African National HIV prevalence, behavioural risks and mass media household survey. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council, 2002:1-24.
Karim SSA, Churchyard GJ, Karim QA, et al. HIV infection and tuberculosis in South Africa: an urgent need to escalate the public health response. The Lancet, 2009;374(9693): 921-933.
Van Rensburg DH, Steyn F, Schneider H, et al. Human resource development and antiretroviral treatment in Free State province, South Africa. Human Resources for Health, 2008;6(1): 1-10.
Airhihenbuwa CO, Webster JD. Culture and African contexts of HIV/AIDS prevention, care and support. Sahara-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 2004;1(1): 4-13.
Visser MJ. HIV/AIDS prevention through peer education and support in secondary schools in South Africa. SAHARA: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance, 2007;4(3): 678-694.
Mathews C, Boon H, Flisher AJ, et al. Factors associated with teachers’ implementation of HIV/AIDS education in secondary schools in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS care, 2006;18(4): 388-397.
Oraby D. Assessment of universal access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services in Egypt. African Evaluation Journal, 2015;3(2): 1-6.
Ayman M. Women’s sexual health rights in Egypt. Journal of International Women's Studies, 2022; 23(1): 1-8.
Abd El-Mawgod M, Elghazally S, Mohammed H, et al. Views and attitudes of university students in Upper Egypt towards youth health centers. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 2020;95(1):1-9.
Latifnejad Roudsari R, Javadnoori M, Hasanpour M, et al. Socio-cultural challenges to sexual health education for female adolescents in Iran. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine, 2013;11(2.):101-110.
Alomair N, Alageel S, Davies N, et al. Factors influencing sexual and reproductive health of Muslim women: a systematic review. Reproductive Health, 2020;17(1):1-15.
Maraee AH, Elmoselhy HM, El-Gamel TA. Knowledge and attitude as regards sexual health among medical students of Menoufia University, Egypt. Menoufia Medical Journal, 2016;29(4): 1085-1091.
Esin A, Mıhçıokur S, Demir C, et al. Türkiye’de cinsel sağlık ve üreme sağlığı durum analizi raporu. Cinsel Sağlık & Üreme Sağlığı Hakları (CİSÜ) Platformu, Nisan 2021.
Pınar G, Doğan N, Ökdem Ş, et al. Özel bir üniversitede okuyan öğrencilerin cinsel sağlıkla ilgili bilgi tutum ve davranışları. Tıp Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2009;7(2):105-113.
Siyez D, Siyez E. Üniversite öğrencilerinin cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklara ilişkin bilgi düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Türk Üroloji Dergisi, 2009; 35(1):49-55.
Üstündağ A. cinsel sağlık ve üreme sağlığı eğitiminin gençler üzerinde etkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Başkent University Journal Of Education, 2017;4(1): 1-10.
Güler S, Yöndem ZD. Ergenlik ve cinsel sağlık eğitimi ile ilgili grup rehberliğinin 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin bilgi ve tutumlarına etkisi. İlköğretim Online, 2007; 6(1): 2-10.
Öztürk B, Siyez DM. İlköğretim 6. sınıf öğrencilerine yönelik cinsel eğitim programının etkililiğinin incelenmesi. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 2015; 1(16): 30-55.
Sayfalar
43-60
Gelecek
19 Mart 2024
Telif Hakkı (c) 2024 Akademisyen Yayınevi Kitap Portalı
Lisans
LisansNasıl Atıf Yapılır
1.
Erkaya R. Ülkelere Göre Cinsel Sağlık. Içinde: Karabulutlu Ö, editör. Her Yönüyle Cinsel Sağlık [Internet]. Türkiye: Akademisyen Yayınevi Kitap DOI Portalı; 2024 [a.yer 13 Temmuz 2026]. ss. 43-60. Erişim adresi: https://omp35.books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/book/3000/chapter/13832
