Femoroasetebular İmpengement Tanı ve Tedavisi
Özet
Yaşlı bir yetişkinde kalça ağrısının sıklıkla nedeni osteoartrittir ve etiyoloji genellikle “aşınma, yıpranma” veya idiyopatiktir. Kalça osteoartriti ayrıca konjenital kalça çıkığı, Legg-Calve-Perthes hastalığı ve kaymış femur başı epifizi dahil olmak üzere kalçanın yapısal anormalliklerinden de kaynaklanabilir. Bununla birlikte, son on beş yılda yapılan araştırmalar, idiyopatik kalça osteoartritinin , kalça ekleminin erken dejenerasyonuna yol açabilen proksimal femur ve asetabulumdaki daha prematür anormalliklerden kaynaklanabileceğini bulmuştur .Bu morfometrik anormallikler kalça eklemine baskı uygulayabilir ve bu durum femoroasetabular impengement (FAİ) sendromu gelişmesine neden olabilir. Bu bölümde femoroasetabular impengementtanı ve tedavi yöntemlerinden bahsedilecektir.
Referanslar
Beck M, Kalhor M, Leunig M. et al.Hip morphology influences the pattern of damage to the acetabular cartilage: femoroacetabular impingement as a cause of early osteoarthritis of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87(7):1012-8.
Ganz R, Parvizi J, Beck M. et al. Femoroacetabular impingement: a cause for osteoarthritis of the hip. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;417:112-20.
Thomas GE, Palmer AJ, Andrade AJ. et al. Diagnosis and management of femoroacetabular impingement. Br J Gen Pract. 2013;63(612).
Griffin DR, Dickenson EJ, O'Donnell J. et al. The Warwick Agreement on femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI syndrome): an international consensus statement. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(19):1169-76.
Dodds MK, McCormack D, Mulhall KJ. Femoroacetabular impingement after slipped capital femoral epiphysis: does slip severity predict clinical symptoms? J Pediatr Orthop. 2009;29(6):535-9.
Fraitzl CR, Käfer W, Nelitz M. et al. Radiological evidence of femoroacetabular impingement in mild slipped capital femoral epiphysis: a mean follow-up of 14.4 years after pinning in situ. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2007;89(12):1592-6.
Wensaas A, Gunderson RB, Svenningsen S. et al. Femoroacetabular impingement after slipped upper femoral epiphysis: the radiological diagnosis and clinical outcome at long-term follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012;94(11):1487-93.
Ziebarth K, Balakumar J, Domayer S. et al. Bernese periacetabular osteotomy in males: is there an increased risk of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) after Bernese periacetabular osteotomy? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011;469(2):447-53.
Palmer A, Fernquest S, Gimpel M. et al. Physical activity during adolescence and the development of cam morphology: a cross-sectional cohort study of 210 individuals. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(9):601-10.
Van Klij P, Heijboer MP, Ginai AZ, Verhaar JAN. et al. Cam morphology in young male football players mostly develops before proximal femoral growth plate closure: a prospective study with 5-yearfollow-up. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(9):532-8.
Hanke MS, Schmaranzer F, Steppacher SD.et al.. A Cam Morphology Develops in the Early Phase of the Final Growth Spurt in Adolescent Ice Hockey Players: Results of a Prospective MRI-based Study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2021;479(5):906-18.
Dijkstra HP, Ardern CL, Serner A., et al. Primary cam morphology; bump, burden or bog-standard? A concept analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2021;55(21):1212-21.
Agricola R, Bessems JH, Ginai AZ. et al. The development of Cam-type deformity in adolescent and young male soccer players. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40(5):1099-106.
Thomas GE, Palmer AJ, Andrade AJ. et al. Diagnosis and management of femoroacetabular impingement. British Journal of General Practice. 2013;63(612):e513-e5.
Casta A. Femoroacetabular Impingement. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2015;14(4):276-7.
Stafford G, Witt J. The anatomy, diagnosis and pathology of femoroacetabular impingement. Br J Hosp Med. 2009;70(2):72-7.
Zhang C, Li L, Forster BB. et al. Femoroacetabular impingement and osteoarthritis of the hip. Can Fam Physician. 2015;61(12):1055-60.
Dooley PJ. Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: Nonarthritic hip pain in young adults. Can Fam Physician. 2008;54(1):42-7.
Hunt MA, Gunether JR, Gilbart MK. Kinematic and kinetic differences during walking in patients with and without symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement. Clinical biomechanics. 2013;28(5):519-23.
Fernandez M, Wall P, O'Donnell J.et al. Hip pain in young adults. Aust Fam Physician. 2014;43(4):205-9.
Tijssen M, van Cingel R, van Melick N.et al. Patient-Reported Outcome questionnaires for hip arthroscopy: a systematic review of the psychometric evidence. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011;12(117):1471-2474.
Tijssen M, van Cingel R, Willemsen L. et al. Diagnostics of femoroacetabular impingement and labral pathology of the hip: a systematic review of the accuracy and validity of physical tests. Arthroscopy. 2012;28(6):860-71.
Reiman MP, Thorborg K, Goode AP.et al. Diagnostic Accuracy of Imaging Modalities and Injection Techniques for the Diagnosis of Femoroacetabular Impingement/Labral Tear: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(11):2665-77.
Terrell SL, Olson GE, Lynch J. Therapeutic Exercise Approaches to Nonoperative and Postoperative Management of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome. J Athl Train. 2021;56(1):31-45.
Riley GM, McWalter EJ, Stevens KJ et al. MRI of the hip for the evaluation of femoroacetabular impingement; past, present, and future. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2015;41(3):558-72.
Beall DP, Sweet CF, Martin HD et al. Imaging findings of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Skeletal Radiol. 2005;34(11):691-701.
Philippon MJ, Kuppersmith DA, Wolff AB. Arthroscopic findings following traumatic hip dislocation in 14 professional athletes. Arthroscopy. 2009;25(2):169-74.
Tannast M, Siebenrock KA, Anderson SE. Femoroacetabular impingement: radiographic diagnosis--what the radiologist should know. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;188(6):1540-52.
Domayer SE, Ziebarth K, Chan J. et al. Femoroacetabular cam-type impingement: diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of radiographic views compared to radial MRI. Eur J Radiol. 2011;80(3):805-10.
Dudda M, Albers C, Mamisch TC. et al. Do normal radiographs exclude asphericity of the femoral head-neck junction? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009;467(3):651-9.
Tannast M, Hanke MS, Zheng G.et al. What are the radiographic reference values for acetabular under- and overcoverage? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015;473(4):1234-46.
Nötzli HP, Wyss TF, Stoecklin CH. et al.. The contour of the femoral head-neck junction as a predictor for the risk of anterior impingement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84(4):556-60.
Agricola R, Waarsing JH, Thomas GE. et al. Cam impingement: defining the presence of a cam deformity by the alpha angle: data from the CHECK cohort and Chingford cohort. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014;22(2):218-25.
Youngman TR, Wagner KJ, 3rd, Montanez B, et al. The Association of α Angle on Disease Severity in Adolescent Femoroacetabular Impingement. J Pediatr Orthop. 2021;41(2):88-92.
Ganz R, Leunig M, Leunig-Ganz K. et al. The etiology of osteoarthritis of the hip: an integrated mechanical concept. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(2):264-72.
Clohisy JC, Carlisle JC, Beaulé PE. et al. A systematic approach to the plain radiographic evaluation of the young adult hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;4(Suppl 4):47-66.
Rhee C, Le Francois T, Byrd JWT. Radiographic Diagnosis of Pincer-Type Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Systematic Review. Orthop J Sports Med. 2017;5(5).
Dijkstra P, Glyn-Jones S, Palmer A. Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.(uptodate)
Rakhra KS, Sheikh AM, Allen D.et al. Comparison of MRI alpha angle measurement planes in femoroacetabular impingement. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009;467(3):660-5.
Griffin D, Dickenson E, O'donnell J. et al. The Warwick Agreement on femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI syndrome): an international consensus statement. British journal of sports medicine. 2016;50(19):1169-76.
Byrd JT. Femoroacetabular impingement in athletes: current concepts. The American journal of sports medicine. 2014;42(3):737-51.
Kolber MJ, Cheatham SW, Hanney WJ.et al. Training considerations for individuals with femoral acetabular impingement. Strength & Conditioning Journal. 2015;37(3):35-47.
Casartelli NC, Bizzini M, Kemp J.et al. What treatment options exist for patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome but without surgical indication? : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine; 2018. p. 552-3.
Kemp JL, Coburn SL, Jones DM. et al. The physiotherapy for femoroacetabular impingement rehabilitation study (physioFIRST): a pilot randomized controlled trial. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy. 2018;48(4):307-15.
Aoyama M, Ohnishi Y, Utsunomiya H. et al. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial comparing conservative treatment with trunk stabilization exercise to standard hip muscle exercise for treating femoroacetabular impingement: a pilot study. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2019;29(4):267.
Pennock AT, Bomar JD, Johnson KP. et al. Nonoperative management of femoroacetabular impingement: a prospective study. The American journal of sports medicine. 2018;46(14):3415-22.
Hoit G, Whelan DB, Dwyer T.et al. Physiotherapy as an initial treatment option for femoroacetabular impingement: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials. The American journal of sports medicine. 2020;48(8):2042-50.
Matsuda DK, Carlisle JC, Arthurs SC.et al.. Comparative systematic review of the open dislocation, mini-open, and arthroscopic surgeries for femoroacetabular impingement. Arthroscopy. 2011;27(2):252-69.
Fukase N, Murata Y, Pierpoint LA. et al. Outcomes and Survivorship at a Median of 8.9 Years Following Hip Arthroscopy in Adolescents with Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Matched Comparative Study with Adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2022;104(10):902-9.
Palmer AJR, Ayyar Gupta V, Fernquest S. et al. Arthroscopic hip surgery compared with physiotherapy and activity modification for the treatment of symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement: multicentre randomised controlled trial. Bmj. 2019;7(364).
Griffin DR, Dickenson EJ, Wall PDH. et al. Hip arthroscopy versus best conservative care for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (UK FASHIoN): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10136):2225-35.
Mansell NS, Rhon DI, Meyer J.et al. Arthroscopic Surgery or Physical Therapy for Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 2-Year Follow-up. Am J Sports Med. 2018;46(6):1306-14.
Migliorini F, Maffulli N. Arthroscopic Management of Femoroacetabular Impingement in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(13):3708-15.
Bryan AJ, Krych AJ, Pareek A.et al.. Are Short-term Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopy in Patients 55 Years and Older Inferior to Those in Younger Patients? Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(10):2526-30.
Cvetanovich GL, Weber AE, Kuhns BD. et al. Hip Arthroscopic Surgery for Femoroacetabular Impingement With Capsular Management: Factors Associated With Achieving Clinically Significant Outcomes. Am J Sports Med. 2018;46(2):288-96.
Degen RM, Nawabi DH, Bedi A.et al. Radiographic predictors of femoroacetabular impingement treatment outcomes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2017;25(1):36-44.
Nwachukwu BU, Fields K, Chang B. et al. Preoperative Outcome Scores Are Predictive of Achieving the Minimal Clinically Important Difference After Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(3):612-9
Ganz R, Parvizi J, Beck M. et al. Femoroacetabular impingement: a cause for osteoarthritis of the hip. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;417:112-20.
Thomas GE, Palmer AJ, Andrade AJ. et al. Diagnosis and management of femoroacetabular impingement. Br J Gen Pract. 2013;63(612).
Griffin DR, Dickenson EJ, O'Donnell J. et al. The Warwick Agreement on femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI syndrome): an international consensus statement. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(19):1169-76.
Dodds MK, McCormack D, Mulhall KJ. Femoroacetabular impingement after slipped capital femoral epiphysis: does slip severity predict clinical symptoms? J Pediatr Orthop. 2009;29(6):535-9.
Fraitzl CR, Käfer W, Nelitz M. et al. Radiological evidence of femoroacetabular impingement in mild slipped capital femoral epiphysis: a mean follow-up of 14.4 years after pinning in situ. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2007;89(12):1592-6.
Wensaas A, Gunderson RB, Svenningsen S. et al. Femoroacetabular impingement after slipped upper femoral epiphysis: the radiological diagnosis and clinical outcome at long-term follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012;94(11):1487-93.
Ziebarth K, Balakumar J, Domayer S. et al. Bernese periacetabular osteotomy in males: is there an increased risk of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) after Bernese periacetabular osteotomy? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011;469(2):447-53.
Palmer A, Fernquest S, Gimpel M. et al. Physical activity during adolescence and the development of cam morphology: a cross-sectional cohort study of 210 individuals. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(9):601-10.
Van Klij P, Heijboer MP, Ginai AZ, Verhaar JAN. et al. Cam morphology in young male football players mostly develops before proximal femoral growth plate closure: a prospective study with 5-yearfollow-up. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(9):532-8.
Hanke MS, Schmaranzer F, Steppacher SD.et al.. A Cam Morphology Develops in the Early Phase of the Final Growth Spurt in Adolescent Ice Hockey Players: Results of a Prospective MRI-based Study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2021;479(5):906-18.
Dijkstra HP, Ardern CL, Serner A., et al. Primary cam morphology; bump, burden or bog-standard? A concept analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2021;55(21):1212-21.
Agricola R, Bessems JH, Ginai AZ. et al. The development of Cam-type deformity in adolescent and young male soccer players. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40(5):1099-106.
Thomas GE, Palmer AJ, Andrade AJ. et al. Diagnosis and management of femoroacetabular impingement. British Journal of General Practice. 2013;63(612):e513-e5.
Casta A. Femoroacetabular Impingement. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2015;14(4):276-7.
Stafford G, Witt J. The anatomy, diagnosis and pathology of femoroacetabular impingement. Br J Hosp Med. 2009;70(2):72-7.
Zhang C, Li L, Forster BB. et al. Femoroacetabular impingement and osteoarthritis of the hip. Can Fam Physician. 2015;61(12):1055-60.
Dooley PJ. Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: Nonarthritic hip pain in young adults. Can Fam Physician. 2008;54(1):42-7.
Hunt MA, Gunether JR, Gilbart MK. Kinematic and kinetic differences during walking in patients with and without symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement. Clinical biomechanics. 2013;28(5):519-23.
Fernandez M, Wall P, O'Donnell J.et al. Hip pain in young adults. Aust Fam Physician. 2014;43(4):205-9.
Tijssen M, van Cingel R, van Melick N.et al. Patient-Reported Outcome questionnaires for hip arthroscopy: a systematic review of the psychometric evidence. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011;12(117):1471-2474.
Tijssen M, van Cingel R, Willemsen L. et al. Diagnostics of femoroacetabular impingement and labral pathology of the hip: a systematic review of the accuracy and validity of physical tests. Arthroscopy. 2012;28(6):860-71.
Reiman MP, Thorborg K, Goode AP.et al. Diagnostic Accuracy of Imaging Modalities and Injection Techniques for the Diagnosis of Femoroacetabular Impingement/Labral Tear: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(11):2665-77.
Terrell SL, Olson GE, Lynch J. Therapeutic Exercise Approaches to Nonoperative and Postoperative Management of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome. J Athl Train. 2021;56(1):31-45.
Riley GM, McWalter EJ, Stevens KJ et al. MRI of the hip for the evaluation of femoroacetabular impingement; past, present, and future. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2015;41(3):558-72.
Beall DP, Sweet CF, Martin HD et al. Imaging findings of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Skeletal Radiol. 2005;34(11):691-701.
Philippon MJ, Kuppersmith DA, Wolff AB. Arthroscopic findings following traumatic hip dislocation in 14 professional athletes. Arthroscopy. 2009;25(2):169-74.
Tannast M, Siebenrock KA, Anderson SE. Femoroacetabular impingement: radiographic diagnosis--what the radiologist should know. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;188(6):1540-52.
Domayer SE, Ziebarth K, Chan J. et al. Femoroacetabular cam-type impingement: diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of radiographic views compared to radial MRI. Eur J Radiol. 2011;80(3):805-10.
Dudda M, Albers C, Mamisch TC. et al. Do normal radiographs exclude asphericity of the femoral head-neck junction? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009;467(3):651-9.
Tannast M, Hanke MS, Zheng G.et al. What are the radiographic reference values for acetabular under- and overcoverage? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015;473(4):1234-46.
Nötzli HP, Wyss TF, Stoecklin CH. et al.. The contour of the femoral head-neck junction as a predictor for the risk of anterior impingement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84(4):556-60.
Agricola R, Waarsing JH, Thomas GE. et al. Cam impingement: defining the presence of a cam deformity by the alpha angle: data from the CHECK cohort and Chingford cohort. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014;22(2):218-25.
Youngman TR, Wagner KJ, 3rd, Montanez B, et al. The Association of α Angle on Disease Severity in Adolescent Femoroacetabular Impingement. J Pediatr Orthop. 2021;41(2):88-92.
Ganz R, Leunig M, Leunig-Ganz K. et al. The etiology of osteoarthritis of the hip: an integrated mechanical concept. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(2):264-72.
Clohisy JC, Carlisle JC, Beaulé PE. et al. A systematic approach to the plain radiographic evaluation of the young adult hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;4(Suppl 4):47-66.
Rhee C, Le Francois T, Byrd JWT. Radiographic Diagnosis of Pincer-Type Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Systematic Review. Orthop J Sports Med. 2017;5(5).
Dijkstra P, Glyn-Jones S, Palmer A. Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.(uptodate)
Rakhra KS, Sheikh AM, Allen D.et al. Comparison of MRI alpha angle measurement planes in femoroacetabular impingement. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009;467(3):660-5.
Griffin D, Dickenson E, O'donnell J. et al. The Warwick Agreement on femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI syndrome): an international consensus statement. British journal of sports medicine. 2016;50(19):1169-76.
Byrd JT. Femoroacetabular impingement in athletes: current concepts. The American journal of sports medicine. 2014;42(3):737-51.
Kolber MJ, Cheatham SW, Hanney WJ.et al. Training considerations for individuals with femoral acetabular impingement. Strength & Conditioning Journal. 2015;37(3):35-47.
Casartelli NC, Bizzini M, Kemp J.et al. What treatment options exist for patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome but without surgical indication? : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine; 2018. p. 552-3.
Kemp JL, Coburn SL, Jones DM. et al. The physiotherapy for femoroacetabular impingement rehabilitation study (physioFIRST): a pilot randomized controlled trial. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy. 2018;48(4):307-15.
Aoyama M, Ohnishi Y, Utsunomiya H. et al. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial comparing conservative treatment with trunk stabilization exercise to standard hip muscle exercise for treating femoroacetabular impingement: a pilot study. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2019;29(4):267.
Pennock AT, Bomar JD, Johnson KP. et al. Nonoperative management of femoroacetabular impingement: a prospective study. The American journal of sports medicine. 2018;46(14):3415-22.
Hoit G, Whelan DB, Dwyer T.et al. Physiotherapy as an initial treatment option for femoroacetabular impingement: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials. The American journal of sports medicine. 2020;48(8):2042-50.
Matsuda DK, Carlisle JC, Arthurs SC.et al.. Comparative systematic review of the open dislocation, mini-open, and arthroscopic surgeries for femoroacetabular impingement. Arthroscopy. 2011;27(2):252-69.
Fukase N, Murata Y, Pierpoint LA. et al. Outcomes and Survivorship at a Median of 8.9 Years Following Hip Arthroscopy in Adolescents with Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Matched Comparative Study with Adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2022;104(10):902-9.
Palmer AJR, Ayyar Gupta V, Fernquest S. et al. Arthroscopic hip surgery compared with physiotherapy and activity modification for the treatment of symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement: multicentre randomised controlled trial. Bmj. 2019;7(364).
Griffin DR, Dickenson EJ, Wall PDH. et al. Hip arthroscopy versus best conservative care for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (UK FASHIoN): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10136):2225-35.
Mansell NS, Rhon DI, Meyer J.et al. Arthroscopic Surgery or Physical Therapy for Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 2-Year Follow-up. Am J Sports Med. 2018;46(6):1306-14.
Migliorini F, Maffulli N. Arthroscopic Management of Femoroacetabular Impingement in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(13):3708-15.
Bryan AJ, Krych AJ, Pareek A.et al.. Are Short-term Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopy in Patients 55 Years and Older Inferior to Those in Younger Patients? Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(10):2526-30.
Cvetanovich GL, Weber AE, Kuhns BD. et al. Hip Arthroscopic Surgery for Femoroacetabular Impingement With Capsular Management: Factors Associated With Achieving Clinically Significant Outcomes. Am J Sports Med. 2018;46(2):288-96.
Degen RM, Nawabi DH, Bedi A.et al. Radiographic predictors of femoroacetabular impingement treatment outcomes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2017;25(1):36-44.
Nwachukwu BU, Fields K, Chang B. et al. Preoperative Outcome Scores Are Predictive of Achieving the Minimal Clinically Important Difference After Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(3):612-9
Sayfalar
43-54
Yayınlanan
3 Nisan 2023
Telif Hakkı (c) 2023 Akademisyen Kitap Portalı
Lisans
LisansNasıl Atıf Yapılır
1.
Parlak L. Femoroasetebular İmpengement Tanı ve Tedavisi. Içinde: Kelle B, editör. Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyonda Güncel Konular [Internet]. Türkiye: Akademisyen Yayınevi Kitap DOI Portalı; 2023 [a.yer 16 Temmuz 2026]. ss. 43-54. Erişim adresi: https://omp35.books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/book/2533/chapter/13791
