Hacamat (Cupping Therapy)
Özet
Hacamat tedavisi özellikle Çin, Kore ve Asya bölgesinde geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıpta yaygın olarak kullanmakta olup son yıllarda ABD ve Avrupa ülkelerinde de kullanımı giderek artmaktadır (1,2). Genel olarak ağrı palyasyonu tedavisinde kullanılmakta olup en sık baş ağrısı bel ağrısı ve eklem ağrılarında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır (3). Hacamat farklı teknikler olsa da en sık yaş ve kuru hacamat olarak uygulanmaktadır. Genel olarak ağrı bölgelerine, akupunktur noktalarına veya refleks noktaları üzerinde işlem yapılarak sonuç elde edilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Plastik, cam veya bambu gibi metaryeller kullanılarak yapılmaktadır (4). Kuru hacamat yaparken herhangi delici kesici alet kullanılmaksızın mevcut materyaller ile negatif basınç etkisi oluşturulur. Böylece uygulama bölgesinde kan akışı hızlandırılır ve otonom sinir sistemi uyarılmış olur (5). Yaş hacamat denilen tedavide ise delici kesici aletler vasıtasıyla ciltte yarık/ porlar açılarak toksinlerin boşaltılması, varsa yapışıklıkların giderilmesi amaçlanmaktadır (5). Hacamat tedavisinin etkileri arasında inflamasyonun azalması, ağrı duyarlılığının azalması, bölgesel metabolizmayı iyileştirmesi, bağışıklık sitemini düzenlemesi de bulunmaktadır (6,7,8). Ayrıca romatoid artrit, hipertansiyon, diyabet gibi kronik hastalıklarda ve nörolojik hastalıklar, psikiyatrik hastalıklar ve sistemik enfeksiyonlarda da kullanılmaktadır (9).
Cupping therapy is widely used in traditional and complementary medicine, especially in China, Korea and the Asian region and its use has been increasing in the USA and European countries in recent years (1), (2). It is generally used in the treatment of pain palliation and is most commonly used in headaches, low back pain and joint pain (3). Although there are different techniques of cupping, it is most commonly practiced as wet and dry cupping. In general, it is tried to obtain results by treating pain areas, acupuncture points or reflex points. It is made using materials such as plastic, glass or bamboo (4). When performing dry cupping, a negative pressure effect is created with the available materials without using any piercing cutting tools. Thus, blood flow is accelerated in the application area and the autonomic nervous system is stimulated (5). In the treatment called wet cupping, it is aimed to remove toxins and remove adhesions, if any, by opening slits/pores in the skin using piercing and cutting tools (5). The effects of cupping therapy include reducing inflammation, decreasing pain sensitivity, improving regional metabolism, and regulating the immune system (6,7,8). It is also used in chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, diabetes, neurological diseases, psychiatric diseases and systemic infections (9).
Referanslar
Lin K.C., Chen M.L., Yeh M.L., Chen Y.L., Chou P. Prevalence, pattern, and predictors of use of complementary and alternative medicine in Taiwan. Taiwan J. Public Health. 2009;28:53–68.
Farhadi K., Schwebel D.C., Saeb M., Choubsaz M., Mohammadi R., Ahmadi A. The effectiveness of wet-cupping for nonspecific low back pain in Iran: A randomized controlled trial. Complement. Ther. Med. 2009;17:9–15. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2008.05.003
Aboushanab T.S., AlSanad S. Cupping Therapy: An Overview from a Modern Medicine Perspective. J. Acupunct. Meridian Stud. 2018;11:83–87. doi: 10.1016/j.jams.2018.02.001.
Chirali I.Z. Cupping Therapy. 3rd ed. Elsevier; Philadelphia, PA, USA: 2014
Lee M.S., Kim J.I., Ernst E. Is cupping an effective treatment? An overview of systematic reviews. J. Acupunct. Meridian Stud. 2011;4:1–4. doi: 10.1016/S2005-2901(11)60001-0.
M. Emerich, M. Braeunig, H.W. Clement, R. Lüdtke, R. Huber Mode of action of cupping—local metabolism and pain thresholds in neck pain patients and healthy subjects Complement Ther Med, 22 (1) (2014 Feb 1)
M.L. Lin, C.W. Lin, Y.H. Hsieh, H.C. Wu, Y.S. Shih, C.T. Su, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness of low level laser and cupping on low back pain by checking the plasma cortisol level IEEE International Symposium on Bioelectronics and Bioinformatics (IEEE ISBB) (2014 Apr 11)
A.M. Khalil, K.M. Al-Qaoud, H.M. Shaqqour Investigation of selected immunocytogenetic effects of wet cupping in healthy men Spatula DD, 3 (2) (2013 Jul)
Nimrouzi M, Mahbodi A, Jaladat AM, Sadeghfard A, Zarshenas MM. Hijamat in traditional Persian medicine: risks and benefits. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2014 Apr;19(2):128-36.
Kim TH, Kim KH, Choi JY, Lee MS: Kore'de yürütülen çalışmalarda kupa tedavisiyle ilgili olumsuz olaylar: sistematik bir inceleme. Eur J Integr Med 2013, 6, 434-440.
Al-Bedah AM, Shaban T., Suhaibani A., Gazzaffi I., Khalil M., Kureshi NA: Yirmi bir yüzyılda yürütülen çalışmalarda kupa tedavisinin güvenliği: literatürün gözden geçirilmesi. Br J Med Res 2016, 15, 1-12.
Mehta P., Dhapte V.: Kupa terapisi: çok sayıda tıbbi enjeksiyona karşı ihtiyatlı bir çare. J Tradit Complement Med 2015, 5, 127-134.
Najm WI. Clinical research evidence of cupping therapy in China: a systematic literature review. Medical Acupuncture. 2011;23(2):122-4.
Aghili M. Kholase al hekmah . Quom, İran: Esmailian; 2006:35–42.
Tadjbahsh H. Al-Aghraz al-Tibbia Val Mabahess al-Alaiia . Tahran, İran: Tahran Üniversitesi Yayınları; 2006.
Akhtar J, Siddiqui MK. Unani tıbbında hacamat terapisinin faydası. Hint J Geleneksel Bilgisi . 2006;7:572–574.
Yoo SS, Tausk F. Çukurluğu: doğu batıyla buluşuyor. Uluslararası J Dermatol . 2004;43:664–665.
Patel B, Butterfield R. Common skin and bleeding disorders that can potentially masquerade as child abuse. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med. 2015;169:328–36
You Yang Wang Disseminated Staphylococcus aureus infection after scarification wet cupping therapy: a case report and literature review. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies volume 23, Article number: 94 (2023)
Türk Alajmi Necrotizing Fasciitis Following Wet Cupping: A Case Report Cureus. 2021 Mar; 13(3): e14039.
Grivennikov SI, Greten FR, Karin M. Bağışıklık, inflamasyon ve kanser. Hücre. 2010;140(6):883–99.
Kundu JK, Surh YJ. Enflamasyon: kansere giden yolculuğun düzenlenmesi. Mutat Arş. 2008;659(1–2):15–30.
Mantovani A, Allavena P, Sica A, Balkwill F. Kansere bağlı inflamasyon. Doğa. 2008;454(7203):436–44.
Germano G, Allavena P, Mantovani A. Kansere bağlı inflamasyonun önemli bir bileşeni olarak sitokinler. Sitokin. 2008;43(3):374–9.
Hanahan D, Coussens LM. Suçun aksesuarları: tümör mikro ortamına alınan hücrelerin işlevleri. Kanser hücresi. 2012;21(3):309–22.
Crusz SM, Balkwill FR. Enflamasyon ve kanser: gelişmeler ve yeni ajanlar. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2015;12(10):584–96.
Tian YY, Wang GJ, Huang T, Jia SY, Zhang YQ, Zhang WB. Farklı yönlerde meridyenler boyunca hareket eden hacamat altında ciltteki kan akışı üzerindeki etkiler. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2013;33(3):247–51.
Li T, Li Y, Lin Y, Li K. Yakın kızılötesi spektroskopi ile değerlendirilen, Çin kupa terapisinin neden olduğu kan oksijenindeki önemli ve sürekli yükselme. Biomed Seç Ekspres. 2017;8(1):223–9.
Soleimani R, Mohammadi M, Saghebi SA, Taghipour A, Khorsand Vakilzadeh A, Tavakkol AJ. Comparison of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 ratios between wet and dry cupping therapies in Persian medicine. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2020;10(1):24–34
Sobhani N, Tardiel-Cyril DR, Davtyan A, Generali D, Roudi R, Li Y. CTLA-4 in regulatory T cells for cancer immunotherapy. Cancers. 2021;13(6):1440.
Zhang Q, Li Y. Anti- versus pro-inflammatory metabololipidome upon cupping treatment. European Journal of Immunology. 2019;49:1307
Nørregaard R, Kwon TH, Frøkiær J. Physiology and pathophysiology of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 in the kidney. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2015;34(4):194–200.
Masferrer JL, Leahy KM, Koki AT, Zweifel BS, Settle SL, Woerner BM, et al. Antiangiogenic and antitumor activities of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Cancer Res. 2000;60(5):1306–11
Hwang D, Scollard D, Byrne J, Levine E. Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in human breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998;90(6):455–60.
Tucker ON, Dannenberg AJ, Yang EK, Zhang F, Teng L, Daly JM, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is up-regulated in human pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res. 1999;59(5):987–90.
Buckman SY, Gresham A, Hale P, Hruza G, Anast J, Masferrer J, et al. COX-2 expression is induced by UVB exposure in human skin: implications for the development of skin cancer. Carcinogenesis. 1998;19(5):723–9.
Gupta S, Srivastava M, Ahmad N, Bostwick DG, Mukhtar H. Over-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human prostate adenocarcinoma. Prostate. 2000;42(1):73–8.
Chan G, Boyle JO, Yang EK, Zhang F, Sacks PG, Shah JP, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is up-regulated in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer Res. 1999;59(5):991–4.
Wolff H, Saukkonen K, Anttila S, Karjalainen A, Vainio H, Ristimäki A. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human lung carcinoma. Cancer Res. 1998;58(22):4997–5001.
Mohammed SI, Knapp DW, Bostwick DG, Foster RS, Khan KN, Masferrer JL, et al. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. Cancer Res. 1999;59(22):5647–50.
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H. Cao, M. Han, X. Li, et al. Clinical research evidence of cupping therapy in China: A systematic literature reviewBMC Complement Altern Med, 10 (2010), p. 70
Farhadi K., Schwebel D.C., Saeb M., Choubsaz M., Mohammadi R., Ahmadi A. The effectiveness of wet-cupping for nonspecific low back pain in Iran: A randomized controlled trial. Complement. Ther. Med. 2009;17:9–15. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2008.05.003
Aboushanab T.S., AlSanad S. Cupping Therapy: An Overview from a Modern Medicine Perspective. J. Acupunct. Meridian Stud. 2018;11:83–87. doi: 10.1016/j.jams.2018.02.001.
Chirali I.Z. Cupping Therapy. 3rd ed. Elsevier; Philadelphia, PA, USA: 2014
Lee M.S., Kim J.I., Ernst E. Is cupping an effective treatment? An overview of systematic reviews. J. Acupunct. Meridian Stud. 2011;4:1–4. doi: 10.1016/S2005-2901(11)60001-0.
M. Emerich, M. Braeunig, H.W. Clement, R. Lüdtke, R. Huber Mode of action of cupping—local metabolism and pain thresholds in neck pain patients and healthy subjects Complement Ther Med, 22 (1) (2014 Feb 1)
M.L. Lin, C.W. Lin, Y.H. Hsieh, H.C. Wu, Y.S. Shih, C.T. Su, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness of low level laser and cupping on low back pain by checking the plasma cortisol level IEEE International Symposium on Bioelectronics and Bioinformatics (IEEE ISBB) (2014 Apr 11)
A.M. Khalil, K.M. Al-Qaoud, H.M. Shaqqour Investigation of selected immunocytogenetic effects of wet cupping in healthy men Spatula DD, 3 (2) (2013 Jul)
Nimrouzi M, Mahbodi A, Jaladat AM, Sadeghfard A, Zarshenas MM. Hijamat in traditional Persian medicine: risks and benefits. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2014 Apr;19(2):128-36.
Kim TH, Kim KH, Choi JY, Lee MS: Kore'de yürütülen çalışmalarda kupa tedavisiyle ilgili olumsuz olaylar: sistematik bir inceleme. Eur J Integr Med 2013, 6, 434-440.
Al-Bedah AM, Shaban T., Suhaibani A., Gazzaffi I., Khalil M., Kureshi NA: Yirmi bir yüzyılda yürütülen çalışmalarda kupa tedavisinin güvenliği: literatürün gözden geçirilmesi. Br J Med Res 2016, 15, 1-12.
Mehta P., Dhapte V.: Kupa terapisi: çok sayıda tıbbi enjeksiyona karşı ihtiyatlı bir çare. J Tradit Complement Med 2015, 5, 127-134.
Najm WI. Clinical research evidence of cupping therapy in China: a systematic literature review. Medical Acupuncture. 2011;23(2):122-4.
Aghili M. Kholase al hekmah . Quom, İran: Esmailian; 2006:35–42.
Tadjbahsh H. Al-Aghraz al-Tibbia Val Mabahess al-Alaiia . Tahran, İran: Tahran Üniversitesi Yayınları; 2006.
Akhtar J, Siddiqui MK. Unani tıbbında hacamat terapisinin faydası. Hint J Geleneksel Bilgisi . 2006;7:572–574.
Yoo SS, Tausk F. Çukurluğu: doğu batıyla buluşuyor. Uluslararası J Dermatol . 2004;43:664–665.
Patel B, Butterfield R. Common skin and bleeding disorders that can potentially masquerade as child abuse. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med. 2015;169:328–36
You Yang Wang Disseminated Staphylococcus aureus infection after scarification wet cupping therapy: a case report and literature review. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies volume 23, Article number: 94 (2023)
Türk Alajmi Necrotizing Fasciitis Following Wet Cupping: A Case Report Cureus. 2021 Mar; 13(3): e14039.
Grivennikov SI, Greten FR, Karin M. Bağışıklık, inflamasyon ve kanser. Hücre. 2010;140(6):883–99.
Kundu JK, Surh YJ. Enflamasyon: kansere giden yolculuğun düzenlenmesi. Mutat Arş. 2008;659(1–2):15–30.
Mantovani A, Allavena P, Sica A, Balkwill F. Kansere bağlı inflamasyon. Doğa. 2008;454(7203):436–44.
Germano G, Allavena P, Mantovani A. Kansere bağlı inflamasyonun önemli bir bileşeni olarak sitokinler. Sitokin. 2008;43(3):374–9.
Hanahan D, Coussens LM. Suçun aksesuarları: tümör mikro ortamına alınan hücrelerin işlevleri. Kanser hücresi. 2012;21(3):309–22.
Crusz SM, Balkwill FR. Enflamasyon ve kanser: gelişmeler ve yeni ajanlar. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2015;12(10):584–96.
Tian YY, Wang GJ, Huang T, Jia SY, Zhang YQ, Zhang WB. Farklı yönlerde meridyenler boyunca hareket eden hacamat altında ciltteki kan akışı üzerindeki etkiler. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2013;33(3):247–51.
Li T, Li Y, Lin Y, Li K. Yakın kızılötesi spektroskopi ile değerlendirilen, Çin kupa terapisinin neden olduğu kan oksijenindeki önemli ve sürekli yükselme. Biomed Seç Ekspres. 2017;8(1):223–9.
Soleimani R, Mohammadi M, Saghebi SA, Taghipour A, Khorsand Vakilzadeh A, Tavakkol AJ. Comparison of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 ratios between wet and dry cupping therapies in Persian medicine. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2020;10(1):24–34
Sobhani N, Tardiel-Cyril DR, Davtyan A, Generali D, Roudi R, Li Y. CTLA-4 in regulatory T cells for cancer immunotherapy. Cancers. 2021;13(6):1440.
Zhang Q, Li Y. Anti- versus pro-inflammatory metabololipidome upon cupping treatment. European Journal of Immunology. 2019;49:1307
Nørregaard R, Kwon TH, Frøkiær J. Physiology and pathophysiology of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 in the kidney. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2015;34(4):194–200.
Masferrer JL, Leahy KM, Koki AT, Zweifel BS, Settle SL, Woerner BM, et al. Antiangiogenic and antitumor activities of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Cancer Res. 2000;60(5):1306–11
Hwang D, Scollard D, Byrne J, Levine E. Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in human breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998;90(6):455–60.
Tucker ON, Dannenberg AJ, Yang EK, Zhang F, Teng L, Daly JM, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is up-regulated in human pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res. 1999;59(5):987–90.
Buckman SY, Gresham A, Hale P, Hruza G, Anast J, Masferrer J, et al. COX-2 expression is induced by UVB exposure in human skin: implications for the development of skin cancer. Carcinogenesis. 1998;19(5):723–9.
Gupta S, Srivastava M, Ahmad N, Bostwick DG, Mukhtar H. Over-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human prostate adenocarcinoma. Prostate. 2000;42(1):73–8.
Chan G, Boyle JO, Yang EK, Zhang F, Sacks PG, Shah JP, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is up-regulated in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer Res. 1999;59(5):991–4.
Wolff H, Saukkonen K, Anttila S, Karjalainen A, Vainio H, Ristimäki A. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human lung carcinoma. Cancer Res. 1998;58(22):4997–5001.
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Sayfalar
511-520
Yayınlanan
11 Mart 2024
Telif Hakkı (c) 2024 Akademisyen Yayınevi Kitap Portalı
Lisans
LisansNasıl Atıf Yapılır
1.
Kara M. Hacamat (Cupping Therapy). Içinde: Sakin A, editör. Kanser Hastalarının Başvurduğu Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tedaviler - Tıbbi Onkolog Gözü ile Bakış ve Onkolojik İlaçlarla Etkileşim [Internet]. Türkiye: Akademisyen Yayınevi Kitap DOI Portalı; 2024 [a.yer 13 Temmuz 2026]. ss. 511-20. Erişim adresi: https://omp35.books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/book/2380/chapter/14024
