Nar kabuğu (Punica Granatum)
Özet
Punica granatum (Nar) bitkisinin çeşitli kısımlarının (tohumları, kabukları, çiçekleri, yaprakları, suyu ekstraktları) sağlık üzerindeki olumlu etkileri ve özellikle anti kanser etkinlik potansiyeli mevcuttur. Narın içerdiği biyoaktif bileşikler, antimikrobiyal, anti kanser, antiinflamatuar ve antioksidan özelliklere sahiptir. Çeşitli kanser türleri üzerindeki potansiyel etkileri incelenmiş, özellikle meme kanseri, prostat kanseri, akciğer kanseri, kolon kanseri, cilt kanseri, karaciğer kanseri, mesane kanseri, pankreas kanseri, over kanseri, serviks kanseri, glioma,tiroid ve orofarenks kanseri konularında araştırmalar öne çıkarılmıştır.
Narın antikanser özelliklerinin moleküler düzeyde, hücresel proliferasyonu inhibe ederek, apopitozu uyararak ve çeşitli sinyal yollarını etkileyerek ortaya çıkabilir. Narın kanserle mücadeledeki rolünü doğrulamak için daha fazla insan klinik deneyine ihtiyaç olduğunu ve bu doğal ajanların tek başına veya mevcut tedavilerle kombinasyon halindeki faydasını daha iyi anlamak için daha fazla araştırmaya odaklanılması gereklidir. İlaç etkileşimleri konusunda da dikkatli olunması gerekir ve bu etkileşimler ilaçların etkinliğini ve güvenliğini etkiler.
Various parts of the Punica granatum (Pomegranate) plant (seeds, peels, flowers, leaves, juice extracts) positively affect health and especially anticancer activity potential. The bioactive compounds in pomegranate have antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Its potential effects on various types of cancer have been examined, and research on breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, skin cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, glioma, thyroid and oral cancer has been highlighted.
The anticancer properties of pomegranate may occur at the molecular level by inhibiting cellular proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and influencing various signaling pathways. More human clinical trials are needed to confirm the role of pomegranate in fighting cancer and better understand the benefit of these natural agents alone or in combination with existing treatments. More research focus is needed. It is also necessary to be careful about drug interactions, and these interactions affect the effectiveness and safety of drugs.
Referanslar
Maphetu, N., Unuofin, J. O., Masuku, N. P., Olisah, C., & Lebelo, S. L. (2022). Medicinal uses, pharmacological activities, phytochemistry, and the molecular mechanisms of Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) plant extracts: A review. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 153, 113256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113256.
Benedetti, G.; Zabini, F.; Tagliavento, L.; Meneguzzo, F.; Calderone, V.; Testai, L. An Overview of the Health Benefits, Extraction Methods and Improving the Properties of Pomegranate. Antioxidants 2023, 12, 1351. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071351
Lansky EP, Newman RA. Punica granatum (pomegranate) and its potential for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Jan 19;109(2):177-206. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.006. PMID: 17157480.
Banerjee N, Talcott S, Safe S, Mertens-Talcott SU. Cytotoxicity of pomegranate polyphenolics in breast cancer cells in vitro and vivo: potential role of miRNA-27a and miRNA-155 in cell survival and inflammation. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012 Nov;136(1):21-34. doi: 10.1007/s10549-012-2224-0. Epub 2012 Sep 2. PMID: 22941571; PMCID: PMC3488590.
Kim NDMR, Yu W, Neeman I, Livney T, Amichay A, Poirier D, Nicholls P, Kirby A, Jiang W, Mansel R, Ramachandran C, Rabi T, Kaplan B, Lansky E. Chemopreventive and adjuvant therapeutic potential of pomegranate (Punica granatum) for human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res and Treat. 2002; 71:203–217.
Mehta R, Lansky EP. Breast cancer chemopreventive properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit extracts in a mouse mammary organ culture. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2004 Aug;13(4):345-8. doi: 10.1097/01.cej.0000130013.22393.10. PMID: 15249832.
Shirode AB, Kovvuru P, Chittur SV, Henning SM, Heber D, Reliene R. Antiproliferative effects of pomegranate extract in MCF-7 breast cancer cells are associated with reduced DNA repair gene expression and induction of double strand breaks. Mol Carcinog. 2014 Jan;53(6):458-70. doi: 10.1002/mc.21995. Epub 2012 Jul 11. PMID: 22786737
Pantuck AJ, Leppert JT, Zomorodian N, Aronson W, Hong J, Barnard RJ, Seeram N, Liker H, Wang H, Elashoff R, Heber D, Aviram M, Ignarro L, Belldegrun A. Phase II study of pomegranate juice for men with rising prostate-specific antigen following surgery or radiation for prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Jul 1;12(13):4018-26. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2290. PMID: 16818701
Khan N, Hadi N, Afaq F, Syed DN, Kweon MH, Mukhtar H. Pomegranate fruit extract inhibits prosurvival pathways in human A549 lung carcinoma cells and tumor growth in athymic nude mice. Carcinogenesis. 2007 Feb;28(1):163-73. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgl142. Epub 2006 Jul 7. PMID: 16829574.
Kasimsetty SG, Bialonska D, Reddy MK, Ma G, Khan SI, Ferreira D. Colon cancer chemopreventive activities of pomegranate ellagitannins and urolithins. J. Agr. Food Chem. 2010;58(4):2180–7.
Adams LS, Seeram NP, Aggarwal BB, Takada Y, Sand D, Heber D. Pomegranate juice, total pomegranate ellagitannins, and punicalagin suppress inflammatory cell signaling in colon cancer cells. J. Agr. Food Chem. 2006;54(3):980–5
Larrosa M, Tomas-Barberan FA, Espin JC. The dietary hydrolysable tannin punicalagin releases ellagic acid that induces apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells by using the mitochondrial pathway. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2006;17(9):611–25.
Kohno H, Suzuki R, Yasui Y, Hosokawa M, Miyashita K, Tanaka T. Pomegranate seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acid suppresses chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Cancer Sci. 2004;95(6):481–6.
Afaq F, Saleem M, Krueger CG, Reed JD, Mukhtar H. Anthocyanin- and hydrolyzable tannin-rich pomegranate fruit extract modulates MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways and inhibits skin tumorigenesis in CD-1 mice. Int J Cancer. 2005 Sep 20;113(3):423-33. doi: 10.1002/ijc.20643. PMID: 15729745.
Hora JJ, Maydew ER, Lansky EP, Dwivedi C. Chemopreventive effects of pomegranate seed oil on skin tumor development in CD1 mice. J. Med. Food. 2003;6(3):157–61.
George J, Singh M, Srivastava AK, Bhui K, Shukla Y. Synergistic growth inhibition of mouse skin tumors by pomegranate fruit extract and diallyl sulfide: evidence for inhibition of activated MAPKs/NF-kappaB and reduced cell proliferation. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2011;49(7):1511–20.
El-Ashmawy, N. E., Khedr, E. G., El-Bahrawy, H. A., & Abd El-Fattah, E. E. (2016). Effect of pomegranate hull extract on liver neoplastic changes in rats: more than an antioxidant. Nutrition and cancer, 68(6), 1044-1051.
Bishayee, A., Thoppil, R. J., Darvesh, A. S., Ohanyan, V., Meszaros, J. G., & Bhatia, D. (2013). Pomegranate phytoconstituents blunt the inflammatory cascade in a chemically induced rodent model of hepatocellular carcinogenesis. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 24(1), 178-187.
Wu, T. F., Hsu, L. T., Tsang, B. X., Huang, L. C., Shih, W. Y., & Chen, L. Y. (2016). Clarification of the molecular pathway of Taiwan local pomegranate fruit juice underlying the inhibition of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma cell by proteomics strategy. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 16(1), 1-10.
Lee, S. T., Lu, M. H., Chien, L. H., Wu, T. F., Huang, L. C., & Liao, G. I. (2013). Suppression of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma cell by the ethanol extract of pomegranate fruit through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 13, 1-11.
Gomez, Veronica; Shackelford, Talia; Tocchi, Autumn; and Rowland-Goldsmith, Melissa (2014) "The effect of pomegranate juice extract on the Hedgehog signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer,” A Journal of Undergraduate Work: Vol. 1: No. 2, Article 7.
Nair, V., Dai, Z., Khan, M., & Ciolino, H. P. (2011). Pomegranate extract induces cell cycle arrest and alters cellular phenotype of human pancreatic cancer cells. Anticancer research, 31(9), 2699-2704.
Modaeinama, S., Abasi, M., Abbasi, M. M., & Jahanban-Esfahlan, R. (2015). Anti tumoral properties of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extract on different human cancer cells. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 16(14), 5697-5701.
Liu, H., Zeng, Z., Wang, S., Li, T., Mastriani, E., Li, Q. H., ... & Liu, S. L. (2017). Main components of pomegranate, ellagic acid and luteolin, inhibit metastasis of ovarian cancer by down-regulating MMP2 and MMP9. Cancer biology & therapy, 18(12), 990-999.
Wang, S. G., Huang, M. H., Li, J. H., Lai, F. I., Lee, H. M., & Hsu, Y. N. (2013). Punicalagin induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death in human U87MG glioma cells. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 34(11), 1411-1419.
Nguyen, Q. T., Lee, E. J., Huang, M. G., Park, Y. I., Khullar, A., & Plodkowski, R. A. (2015). Diagnosis and treatment of patients with thyroid cancer. American health & drug benefits, 8(1), 30.
Yao, X., Cheng, X., Zhang, L., Yu, H., Bao, J., Guan, H., & Lu, R. (2017). Punicalagin from pomegranate promotes human papillary thyroid carcinoma BCPAP cell death by triggering ATM-mediated DNA damage response. Nutrition Research, 47, 63
Guo, H., Zhang, D., & Fu, Q. (2016). Inhibition of cervical cancer by promoting IGFBP7 expression using ellagic acid from pomegranate peel. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 22, 4881.
Berrington, D., & Lall, N. (2012). Anticancer activity of certain herbs and spices on the cervical epithelial carcinoma (HeLa) cell line. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012.
Fazio, Alessia, et al. "Finding solutions for agricultural wastes: Antioxidant and antitumor properties of pomegranate Akko peel extracts and β-glucan recovery." Food & function 9.12 (2018): 6618-6631.
Seeram NP, Adams LS, Henning SM, et al. In vitro antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidant activities of punicalagin, ellagic acid and a total pomegranate tannin extract are enhanced in combination with other polyphenols as found in pomegranate juice. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 16:360.
H Weisburg, J., G Schuck, A., S Silverman, M., G Ovits-Levy, C., J Solodokin, L., L Zuckerbraun, H., & Babich, H. (2010). Pomegranate extract, a prooxidant with antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities preferentially towards carcinoma cells. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents), 10(8), 634-643.
Mansoor K, Bardees R, Alkhawaja B, Mallah E, AbuQatouseh L, Schmidt M, Matalka K. Impact of Pomegranate Juice on the Pharmacokinetics of CYP3A4- and CYP2C9-Mediated Drugs Metabolism: A Preclinical and Clinical Review. Molecules. 2023; 28(5):2117. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052117
Lydia, D. Esther, et al. "Photo-activated synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles from Punica granatum L. seed oil: An assessment on antioxidant and anticancer properties for functional yoghurt nutraceuticals." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 206 (2020): 111868.
Aumeeruddy, Muhammad Zakariyyah, and Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally. "Global documentation of traditionally used medicinal plants in cancer management: A systematic review." South African Journal of Botany 138 (2021): 424-494.
Siveen, K. S., Sikka, S., Surana, R., Dai, X., Zhang, J., Kumar, A. P., ... & Bishayee, A. (2014). Targeting the STAT3 signaling pathway in cancer: role of synthetic and natural inhibitors. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-reviews on cancer, 1845(2), 136-154.
Xia, Jinyu, Chunyu Xue, and Jie Yu. "Ellagic acid inhibited cervical cancer growth via blocking the AKT/mTOR/STAT3 pathway." Archives of Medical Science (2020).
Khan, Haroon, et al. "Targeting NF-κB signaling pathway in cancer by dietary polyphenols." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 60.16 (2020): 2790-2800.
. Jurenka JS. Therapeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): a review. Altern Med Rev. 2008 Jun;13(2):128-44. PMID: 18590349.
Benedetti, G.; Zabini, F.; Tagliavento, L.; Meneguzzo, F.; Calderone, V.; Testai, L. An Overview of the Health Benefits, Extraction Methods and Improving the Properties of Pomegranate. Antioxidants 2023, 12, 1351. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071351
Lansky EP, Newman RA. Punica granatum (pomegranate) and its potential for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Jan 19;109(2):177-206. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.006. PMID: 17157480.
Banerjee N, Talcott S, Safe S, Mertens-Talcott SU. Cytotoxicity of pomegranate polyphenolics in breast cancer cells in vitro and vivo: potential role of miRNA-27a and miRNA-155 in cell survival and inflammation. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012 Nov;136(1):21-34. doi: 10.1007/s10549-012-2224-0. Epub 2012 Sep 2. PMID: 22941571; PMCID: PMC3488590.
Kim NDMR, Yu W, Neeman I, Livney T, Amichay A, Poirier D, Nicholls P, Kirby A, Jiang W, Mansel R, Ramachandran C, Rabi T, Kaplan B, Lansky E. Chemopreventive and adjuvant therapeutic potential of pomegranate (Punica granatum) for human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res and Treat. 2002; 71:203–217.
Mehta R, Lansky EP. Breast cancer chemopreventive properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit extracts in a mouse mammary organ culture. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2004 Aug;13(4):345-8. doi: 10.1097/01.cej.0000130013.22393.10. PMID: 15249832.
Shirode AB, Kovvuru P, Chittur SV, Henning SM, Heber D, Reliene R. Antiproliferative effects of pomegranate extract in MCF-7 breast cancer cells are associated with reduced DNA repair gene expression and induction of double strand breaks. Mol Carcinog. 2014 Jan;53(6):458-70. doi: 10.1002/mc.21995. Epub 2012 Jul 11. PMID: 22786737
Pantuck AJ, Leppert JT, Zomorodian N, Aronson W, Hong J, Barnard RJ, Seeram N, Liker H, Wang H, Elashoff R, Heber D, Aviram M, Ignarro L, Belldegrun A. Phase II study of pomegranate juice for men with rising prostate-specific antigen following surgery or radiation for prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Jul 1;12(13):4018-26. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2290. PMID: 16818701
Khan N, Hadi N, Afaq F, Syed DN, Kweon MH, Mukhtar H. Pomegranate fruit extract inhibits prosurvival pathways in human A549 lung carcinoma cells and tumor growth in athymic nude mice. Carcinogenesis. 2007 Feb;28(1):163-73. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgl142. Epub 2006 Jul 7. PMID: 16829574.
Kasimsetty SG, Bialonska D, Reddy MK, Ma G, Khan SI, Ferreira D. Colon cancer chemopreventive activities of pomegranate ellagitannins and urolithins. J. Agr. Food Chem. 2010;58(4):2180–7.
Adams LS, Seeram NP, Aggarwal BB, Takada Y, Sand D, Heber D. Pomegranate juice, total pomegranate ellagitannins, and punicalagin suppress inflammatory cell signaling in colon cancer cells. J. Agr. Food Chem. 2006;54(3):980–5
Larrosa M, Tomas-Barberan FA, Espin JC. The dietary hydrolysable tannin punicalagin releases ellagic acid that induces apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells by using the mitochondrial pathway. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2006;17(9):611–25.
Kohno H, Suzuki R, Yasui Y, Hosokawa M, Miyashita K, Tanaka T. Pomegranate seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acid suppresses chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Cancer Sci. 2004;95(6):481–6.
Afaq F, Saleem M, Krueger CG, Reed JD, Mukhtar H. Anthocyanin- and hydrolyzable tannin-rich pomegranate fruit extract modulates MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways and inhibits skin tumorigenesis in CD-1 mice. Int J Cancer. 2005 Sep 20;113(3):423-33. doi: 10.1002/ijc.20643. PMID: 15729745.
Hora JJ, Maydew ER, Lansky EP, Dwivedi C. Chemopreventive effects of pomegranate seed oil on skin tumor development in CD1 mice. J. Med. Food. 2003;6(3):157–61.
George J, Singh M, Srivastava AK, Bhui K, Shukla Y. Synergistic growth inhibition of mouse skin tumors by pomegranate fruit extract and diallyl sulfide: evidence for inhibition of activated MAPKs/NF-kappaB and reduced cell proliferation. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2011;49(7):1511–20.
El-Ashmawy, N. E., Khedr, E. G., El-Bahrawy, H. A., & Abd El-Fattah, E. E. (2016). Effect of pomegranate hull extract on liver neoplastic changes in rats: more than an antioxidant. Nutrition and cancer, 68(6), 1044-1051.
Bishayee, A., Thoppil, R. J., Darvesh, A. S., Ohanyan, V., Meszaros, J. G., & Bhatia, D. (2013). Pomegranate phytoconstituents blunt the inflammatory cascade in a chemically induced rodent model of hepatocellular carcinogenesis. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 24(1), 178-187.
Wu, T. F., Hsu, L. T., Tsang, B. X., Huang, L. C., Shih, W. Y., & Chen, L. Y. (2016). Clarification of the molecular pathway of Taiwan local pomegranate fruit juice underlying the inhibition of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma cell by proteomics strategy. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 16(1), 1-10.
Lee, S. T., Lu, M. H., Chien, L. H., Wu, T. F., Huang, L. C., & Liao, G. I. (2013). Suppression of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma cell by the ethanol extract of pomegranate fruit through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 13, 1-11.
Gomez, Veronica; Shackelford, Talia; Tocchi, Autumn; and Rowland-Goldsmith, Melissa (2014) "The effect of pomegranate juice extract on the Hedgehog signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer,” A Journal of Undergraduate Work: Vol. 1: No. 2, Article 7.
Nair, V., Dai, Z., Khan, M., & Ciolino, H. P. (2011). Pomegranate extract induces cell cycle arrest and alters cellular phenotype of human pancreatic cancer cells. Anticancer research, 31(9), 2699-2704.
Modaeinama, S., Abasi, M., Abbasi, M. M., & Jahanban-Esfahlan, R. (2015). Anti tumoral properties of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel extract on different human cancer cells. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 16(14), 5697-5701.
Liu, H., Zeng, Z., Wang, S., Li, T., Mastriani, E., Li, Q. H., ... & Liu, S. L. (2017). Main components of pomegranate, ellagic acid and luteolin, inhibit metastasis of ovarian cancer by down-regulating MMP2 and MMP9. Cancer biology & therapy, 18(12), 990-999.
Wang, S. G., Huang, M. H., Li, J. H., Lai, F. I., Lee, H. M., & Hsu, Y. N. (2013). Punicalagin induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death in human U87MG glioma cells. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 34(11), 1411-1419.
Nguyen, Q. T., Lee, E. J., Huang, M. G., Park, Y. I., Khullar, A., & Plodkowski, R. A. (2015). Diagnosis and treatment of patients with thyroid cancer. American health & drug benefits, 8(1), 30.
Yao, X., Cheng, X., Zhang, L., Yu, H., Bao, J., Guan, H., & Lu, R. (2017). Punicalagin from pomegranate promotes human papillary thyroid carcinoma BCPAP cell death by triggering ATM-mediated DNA damage response. Nutrition Research, 47, 63
Guo, H., Zhang, D., & Fu, Q. (2016). Inhibition of cervical cancer by promoting IGFBP7 expression using ellagic acid from pomegranate peel. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 22, 4881.
Berrington, D., & Lall, N. (2012). Anticancer activity of certain herbs and spices on the cervical epithelial carcinoma (HeLa) cell line. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012.
Fazio, Alessia, et al. "Finding solutions for agricultural wastes: Antioxidant and antitumor properties of pomegranate Akko peel extracts and β-glucan recovery." Food & function 9.12 (2018): 6618-6631.
Seeram NP, Adams LS, Henning SM, et al. In vitro antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidant activities of punicalagin, ellagic acid and a total pomegranate tannin extract are enhanced in combination with other polyphenols as found in pomegranate juice. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 16:360.
H Weisburg, J., G Schuck, A., S Silverman, M., G Ovits-Levy, C., J Solodokin, L., L Zuckerbraun, H., & Babich, H. (2010). Pomegranate extract, a prooxidant with antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities preferentially towards carcinoma cells. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents), 10(8), 634-643.
Mansoor K, Bardees R, Alkhawaja B, Mallah E, AbuQatouseh L, Schmidt M, Matalka K. Impact of Pomegranate Juice on the Pharmacokinetics of CYP3A4- and CYP2C9-Mediated Drugs Metabolism: A Preclinical and Clinical Review. Molecules. 2023; 28(5):2117. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052117
Lydia, D. Esther, et al. "Photo-activated synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles from Punica granatum L. seed oil: An assessment on antioxidant and anticancer properties for functional yoghurt nutraceuticals." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 206 (2020): 111868.
Aumeeruddy, Muhammad Zakariyyah, and Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally. "Global documentation of traditionally used medicinal plants in cancer management: A systematic review." South African Journal of Botany 138 (2021): 424-494.
Siveen, K. S., Sikka, S., Surana, R., Dai, X., Zhang, J., Kumar, A. P., ... & Bishayee, A. (2014). Targeting the STAT3 signaling pathway in cancer: role of synthetic and natural inhibitors. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-reviews on cancer, 1845(2), 136-154.
Xia, Jinyu, Chunyu Xue, and Jie Yu. "Ellagic acid inhibited cervical cancer growth via blocking the AKT/mTOR/STAT3 pathway." Archives of Medical Science (2020).
Khan, Haroon, et al. "Targeting NF-κB signaling pathway in cancer by dietary polyphenols." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 60.16 (2020): 2790-2800.
. Jurenka JS. Therapeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): a review. Altern Med Rev. 2008 Jun;13(2):128-44. PMID: 18590349.
Sayfalar
103-110
Yayınlanan
11 Mart 2024
Telif Hakkı (c) 2024 Akademisyen Yayınevi Kitap Portalı
Lisans
LisansNasıl Atıf Yapılır
1.
Can O. Nar kabuğu (Punica Granatum). Içinde: Sakin A, editör. Kanser Hastalarının Başvurduğu Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tedaviler - Tıbbi Onkolog Gözü ile Bakış ve Onkolojik İlaçlarla Etkileşim [Internet]. Türkiye: Akademisyen Yayınevi Kitap DOI Portalı; 2024 [a.yer 13 Temmuz 2026]. ss. 103-10. Erişim adresi: https://omp35.books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/book/2380/chapter/13896
