Biomolecular Interactions and Surface Chemistry for Biosensors
Özet
Biosensors gain more importance after covid-19 pandemic thanks to their highly selective and sensitive measurements against for the designed molecule with quite short response times comparing to modern molecular biological techniques that are used for diagnosis. Moreover, a well-designed biosensor can perform measurements that can distinguish the concentrations of the detected target molecules. Here, the importance of well-modified surface of a sensor comes to play. To be able to modify a sensor’s electrode surface it is important to know the aspects of the surface material and its probable interactions. In this chapter, strategies for immobilizing the biorecognition molecules, and minimizing the non-specific interactions to enhance the signal transduction will be mentioned. To improve the stability and the reusability of the sensors there are various modification techniques that can be perfomed; however, self-assembled monolayers, also known as SAMs, take the functionality of the biosensors next level by offering controlable compositions and customizable surfaces at molecular level. Thic chapter also examines the principles from SAM formation on sensor surface to SAM modifications for biorecognition element immobilizations.
Referanslar
Murugan, P., Krishnamurthy, M., Jaisankar, S. N., Samanta, D., & Mandal, A. B. (2015). Controlled decoration of the surface with macromolecules: polymerization on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Chemical Society Reviews, 44(10), 3212-3243. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CS00378K
Sandhyarani, N. (2018). Surface modification methods for electrochemical biosensors. Electrochemical Biosensors, 45-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816491-4.00003-6
Jia, J., Giglia, A., Flores, M., Grizzi, O., Pasquali, L., & Esaulov, V. A. (2014). 1, 4-Benzenedimethanethiol interaction with Au (110), Ag (111), Cu (100), and Cu (111) surfaces: self-assembly and dissociation processes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 118(46), 26866-26876. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp509184t
Vericat, C., Vela, M. E., Corthey, G., Pensa, E., Cortés, E., Fonticelli, M. H., ... & Salvarezza, R. C. (2014). Self-assembled monolayers of thiolates on metals: a review article on sulfur-metal chemistry and surface structures. Rsc Advances, 4(53), 27730-27754. https://doi.org /10.1039/C4RA04659E
Wang, Y., Solano Canchaya, J. G., Dong, W., Alcamí, M., Busnengo, H. F., & Martín, F. (2014). Chain-length and temperature dependence of self-assembled monolayers of alkylthiolates on Au (111) and Ag (111) surfaces. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 118(23), 4138-4146. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp412285v
Bracco, G., Smerieri, M., & Savio, L. (2020). Self-assembly of Organic Molecules at Metal Surfaces. In Springer Handbook of Surface Science (pp. 967-1004). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46906-1_29
Solodenko, H., Stender, P., & Schmitz, G. (2022). Atom probe study of 1-octadecanethiol self-assembled monolayers on platinum (111) and (200) surfaces. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 28(4), 1300-1309. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927621012654
Ramos, N. C., Medlin, J. W., & Holewinski, A. (2023). Electrochemical stability of thiolate self-assembled monolayers on Au, Pt, and Cu. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 15(11), 14470-14480. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c01224
Schlenoff, J. B., Li, M., & Ly, H. (1995). Stability and self-exchange in alkanethiol monolayers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 117(50), 12528-12536
Li, Z., Chang, S. C., & Williams, R. S. (2003). Self-assembly of alkanethiol molecules onto platinum and platinum oxide surfaces. Langmuir, 19(17), 6744-6749. https://doi.org/10.1021/la034245b
Soreta, T. R., Strutwolf, J., Henry, O. Y., & O'Sullivan, C. K. (2010). Electrochemical surface nanopatterning by selective reductive desorption from mixed metal surfaces. Electrochimica acta, 55(14), 4309-4313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.02.101
Ron, H., Cohen, H., Matlis, S., Rappaport, M., & Rubinstein, I. (1998). Self-assembled monolayers on oxidized metals. 4. Superior n-alkanethiol monolayers on copper. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 102(49), 9861-9869. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9827072
Laibinis, P. E., & Whitesides, G. M. (1992). Self-assembled monolayers of n-alkanethiolates on copper are barrier films that protect the metal against oxidation by air. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 114(23), 9022-9028.
Taşaltín, C., Gürol, İ., Duran, H., Uludağ, Y., Sezer, U. A., Taşdemir, Z., & Başarír, F. (2018). Interface Engineering with Self‐Assembled Monolayers in Biosensors. Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Interfaces: Towards Advanced Functional Materials, 637-660.
Nuzzo, R.G., Dubois, L.H., and Allara, D.L. (1990) Fundamental studies of microscopic wetting on organic surfaces. 1. Formation and structural characterization of a self-consistent series of polyfunctional organic monolayers. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 112 (2), 558–569.
Wesch, A. et al. (1996) Structural investigation of a self-assembled monolayer of a p-nitroanilino-terminated thiol. Langmuir, 12 (22), 5330–5337. https://doi.org/10.1021/la960058k
Matharu, Z. et al. (2012) Fundamentals and application of ordered molecular assemblies to affinity biosensing. Chem. Soc. Rev., 41 (3), 1363–1402. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CS15145B
Mandler, D., & Kraus-Ophir, S. (2011). Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) for electrochemical sensing. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 15, 1535-1558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-011-1493-6
Beulen MWJ, Kastenberg MI, van Veggel F, Reinhoudt DN (1998) Langmuir 14:7463–7467. https://doi.org/10.1021/la981031z
Buckel, F., Effenberger, F., Yan, C., Gölzhäuser, A., & Grunze, M. (2000). Influence of aromatic groups incorporated in long‐chain alkanethiol self‐assembled monolayers on gold. Advanced Materials, 12(12), 901-905. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(200006)12
de la Llave, E., Clarenc, R., Schiffrin, D. J., & Williams, F. J. (2014). Organization of alkane amines on a gold surface: Structure, surface dipole, and electron transfer. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 118(1), 468-475. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp410086b
Ivanisevic, A., & Mirkin, C. A. (2001). “Dip-Pen” nanolithography on semiconductor surfaces. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 123(32), 7887-7889. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja010671c
Carpick, R. W., & Salmeron, M. (1997). Scratching the surface: fundamental investigations of tribology with atomic force microscopy. Chemical reviews, 97(4), 1163-1194. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja010671c
Nonis, S. G., Haywood, J., Schmidberger, J. W., R. Mackie, E. R., Bond, C. S., & Mylne, J. S. (2021). Structural and biochemical analyses of concanavalin A circular permutation by jack bean asparaginyl endopeptidase. The Plant Cell, 33(8), 2794-2811. https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koab130
Huang, J., Zhuang, W., Wei, C., Mu, L., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Wu, J., Chen, Y., & Ying, H. (2017). Concanavalin A induced orientation immobilization of Nuclease P1: The effect of lectin agglutination. Process Biochemistry, 64, 160-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2017.09.014
Koivunen, M. E., & Krogsrud, R. L. (2006). Principles of Immunochemical Techniques Used in Clinical Laboratories. Laboratory Medicine, 37(8), 490-497. https://doi.org/10.1309/MV9RM1FDLWAUWQ3F
Fishman, J. B., & Berg, E. A. (2019). Protein A and protein G purification of antibodies. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, 2019(1), pdb.prot099143. https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot099143
Pal, K., Paulson, A. T., & Rousseau, D. (2012). Biopolymers in Controlled-Release Delivery Systems. Handbook of Biopolymers and Biodegradable Plastics, 329-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4557-2834-3.00014-8
Meng, X., O'Hare, D., & Ladame, S. (2023). Surface immobilization strategies for the development of electrochemical nucleic acid sensors. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 237, 115440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2023.115440
Zhu, D., Song, P., Shen, J., Su, S., Chao, J., Aldalbahi, A., Zhou, Z., Song, S., Fan, C., Zuo, X., Tian, Y., Wang, H., Pei, H. (2016). PolyA-mediated DNA assembly on gold nanoparticles for thermodynamically favorable and rapid hybridization analysis. Analytical chemistry, 88(9), 4949-4954. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00891
Zhang, L., Li, Z., Zhou, X., Yang, G., Yang, J., Wang, H., Wang, M., Liang, C., Wen, Y., & Lu, Y. (2015). Hybridization performance of DNA/mercaptohexanol mixed monolayers on electrodeposited nanoAu and rough Au surfaces. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 757, 203-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.09.032
Chakravarthy, A., Nandakumar, A., George, G., Ranganathan, S., Umashankar, S., Shettigar, N., Palakodeti, D., Gulyani, A., & Ramesh, A. (2021). Engineered RNA biosensors enable ultrasensitive SARS-CoV-2 detection in a simple color and luminescence assay. Life Science Alliance, 4(12). https://doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202101213
Lakhin, A. V., Tarantul, V. Z., & Gening, L. V. (2013). Aptamers: Problems, Solutions and Prospects. Acta Naturae, 5(4), 34-43. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890987/
Liu, Y., Canoura, J., Alkhamis, O., & Xiao, Y. (2021). Immobilization Strategies for Enhancing Sensitivity of Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 13(8), 9491. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c20707
Kukushkin, V. I., Ivanov, N. M., Novoseltseva, A. A., Gambaryan, A. S., Yaminsky, I. V., Kopylov, A. M., & Zavyalova, E. G. (2019). Highly sensitive detection of influenza virus with SERS aptasensor. PLOS ONE, 14(4), e0216247. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216247
Moccia, M., Caratelli, V., Cinti, S., Pede, B., Avitabile, C., Saviano, M., Imbriani, A. L., Moscone, D., & Arduini, F. (2020). Paper-based electrochemical peptide nucleic acid (PNA) biosensor for detection of miRNA-492: A pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma biomarker. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 165, 112371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.112371
Yao, D., Kim, J., Yu, F., Nielsen, P. E., Sinner, K., & Knoll, W. (2005). Surface Density Dependence of PCR Amplicon Hybridization on PNA/DNA Probe Layers. Biophysical Journal, 88(4), 2745-2751. https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.104.051656
Moraskie, M., Roshid, M. H. O., O'Connor, G., Dikici, E., Zingg, J., Deo, S., & Daunert, S. (2021). Microbial whole-cell biosensors: Current applications, challenges, and future perspectives. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 191, 113359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2021.113359
Kumari, W.M.N.H., Thiruchittampalam, S., Weerasinghe, M.S.S. et al. Characterization of a Bacillus megaterium strain with metal bioremediation potential and in silico discovery of novel cadmium binding motifs in the regulator, CadC. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 105, 2573–2586 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11193-2
Reyes, S., Le, N., Fuentes, M. D., Upegui, J., Dikici, E., Broyles, D., Quinto, E., Daunert, S., & Deo, S. K. (2019). An Intact Cell Bioluminescence-Based Assay for the Simple and Rapid Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(14), 5015. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145015
Sandhyarani, N. (2018). Surface modification methods for electrochemical biosensors. Electrochemical Biosensors, 45-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816491-4.00003-6
Jia, J., Giglia, A., Flores, M., Grizzi, O., Pasquali, L., & Esaulov, V. A. (2014). 1, 4-Benzenedimethanethiol interaction with Au (110), Ag (111), Cu (100), and Cu (111) surfaces: self-assembly and dissociation processes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 118(46), 26866-26876. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp509184t
Vericat, C., Vela, M. E., Corthey, G., Pensa, E., Cortés, E., Fonticelli, M. H., ... & Salvarezza, R. C. (2014). Self-assembled monolayers of thiolates on metals: a review article on sulfur-metal chemistry and surface structures. Rsc Advances, 4(53), 27730-27754. https://doi.org /10.1039/C4RA04659E
Wang, Y., Solano Canchaya, J. G., Dong, W., Alcamí, M., Busnengo, H. F., & Martín, F. (2014). Chain-length and temperature dependence of self-assembled monolayers of alkylthiolates on Au (111) and Ag (111) surfaces. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 118(23), 4138-4146. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp412285v
Bracco, G., Smerieri, M., & Savio, L. (2020). Self-assembly of Organic Molecules at Metal Surfaces. In Springer Handbook of Surface Science (pp. 967-1004). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46906-1_29
Solodenko, H., Stender, P., & Schmitz, G. (2022). Atom probe study of 1-octadecanethiol self-assembled monolayers on platinum (111) and (200) surfaces. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 28(4), 1300-1309. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927621012654
Ramos, N. C., Medlin, J. W., & Holewinski, A. (2023). Electrochemical stability of thiolate self-assembled monolayers on Au, Pt, and Cu. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 15(11), 14470-14480. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c01224
Schlenoff, J. B., Li, M., & Ly, H. (1995). Stability and self-exchange in alkanethiol monolayers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 117(50), 12528-12536
Li, Z., Chang, S. C., & Williams, R. S. (2003). Self-assembly of alkanethiol molecules onto platinum and platinum oxide surfaces. Langmuir, 19(17), 6744-6749. https://doi.org/10.1021/la034245b
Soreta, T. R., Strutwolf, J., Henry, O. Y., & O'Sullivan, C. K. (2010). Electrochemical surface nanopatterning by selective reductive desorption from mixed metal surfaces. Electrochimica acta, 55(14), 4309-4313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.02.101
Ron, H., Cohen, H., Matlis, S., Rappaport, M., & Rubinstein, I. (1998). Self-assembled monolayers on oxidized metals. 4. Superior n-alkanethiol monolayers on copper. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 102(49), 9861-9869. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9827072
Laibinis, P. E., & Whitesides, G. M. (1992). Self-assembled monolayers of n-alkanethiolates on copper are barrier films that protect the metal against oxidation by air. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 114(23), 9022-9028.
Taşaltín, C., Gürol, İ., Duran, H., Uludağ, Y., Sezer, U. A., Taşdemir, Z., & Başarír, F. (2018). Interface Engineering with Self‐Assembled Monolayers in Biosensors. Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Interfaces: Towards Advanced Functional Materials, 637-660.
Nuzzo, R.G., Dubois, L.H., and Allara, D.L. (1990) Fundamental studies of microscopic wetting on organic surfaces. 1. Formation and structural characterization of a self-consistent series of polyfunctional organic monolayers. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 112 (2), 558–569.
Wesch, A. et al. (1996) Structural investigation of a self-assembled monolayer of a p-nitroanilino-terminated thiol. Langmuir, 12 (22), 5330–5337. https://doi.org/10.1021/la960058k
Matharu, Z. et al. (2012) Fundamentals and application of ordered molecular assemblies to affinity biosensing. Chem. Soc. Rev., 41 (3), 1363–1402. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CS15145B
Mandler, D., & Kraus-Ophir, S. (2011). Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) for electrochemical sensing. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 15, 1535-1558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-011-1493-6
Beulen MWJ, Kastenberg MI, van Veggel F, Reinhoudt DN (1998) Langmuir 14:7463–7467. https://doi.org/10.1021/la981031z
Buckel, F., Effenberger, F., Yan, C., Gölzhäuser, A., & Grunze, M. (2000). Influence of aromatic groups incorporated in long‐chain alkanethiol self‐assembled monolayers on gold. Advanced Materials, 12(12), 901-905. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(200006)12
de la Llave, E., Clarenc, R., Schiffrin, D. J., & Williams, F. J. (2014). Organization of alkane amines on a gold surface: Structure, surface dipole, and electron transfer. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 118(1), 468-475. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp410086b
Ivanisevic, A., & Mirkin, C. A. (2001). “Dip-Pen” nanolithography on semiconductor surfaces. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 123(32), 7887-7889. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja010671c
Carpick, R. W., & Salmeron, M. (1997). Scratching the surface: fundamental investigations of tribology with atomic force microscopy. Chemical reviews, 97(4), 1163-1194. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja010671c
Nonis, S. G., Haywood, J., Schmidberger, J. W., R. Mackie, E. R., Bond, C. S., & Mylne, J. S. (2021). Structural and biochemical analyses of concanavalin A circular permutation by jack bean asparaginyl endopeptidase. The Plant Cell, 33(8), 2794-2811. https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koab130
Huang, J., Zhuang, W., Wei, C., Mu, L., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Wu, J., Chen, Y., & Ying, H. (2017). Concanavalin A induced orientation immobilization of Nuclease P1: The effect of lectin agglutination. Process Biochemistry, 64, 160-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2017.09.014
Koivunen, M. E., & Krogsrud, R. L. (2006). Principles of Immunochemical Techniques Used in Clinical Laboratories. Laboratory Medicine, 37(8), 490-497. https://doi.org/10.1309/MV9RM1FDLWAUWQ3F
Fishman, J. B., & Berg, E. A. (2019). Protein A and protein G purification of antibodies. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, 2019(1), pdb.prot099143. https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot099143
Pal, K., Paulson, A. T., & Rousseau, D. (2012). Biopolymers in Controlled-Release Delivery Systems. Handbook of Biopolymers and Biodegradable Plastics, 329-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4557-2834-3.00014-8
Meng, X., O'Hare, D., & Ladame, S. (2023). Surface immobilization strategies for the development of electrochemical nucleic acid sensors. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 237, 115440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2023.115440
Zhu, D., Song, P., Shen, J., Su, S., Chao, J., Aldalbahi, A., Zhou, Z., Song, S., Fan, C., Zuo, X., Tian, Y., Wang, H., Pei, H. (2016). PolyA-mediated DNA assembly on gold nanoparticles for thermodynamically favorable and rapid hybridization analysis. Analytical chemistry, 88(9), 4949-4954. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00891
Zhang, L., Li, Z., Zhou, X., Yang, G., Yang, J., Wang, H., Wang, M., Liang, C., Wen, Y., & Lu, Y. (2015). Hybridization performance of DNA/mercaptohexanol mixed monolayers on electrodeposited nanoAu and rough Au surfaces. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 757, 203-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.09.032
Chakravarthy, A., Nandakumar, A., George, G., Ranganathan, S., Umashankar, S., Shettigar, N., Palakodeti, D., Gulyani, A., & Ramesh, A. (2021). Engineered RNA biosensors enable ultrasensitive SARS-CoV-2 detection in a simple color and luminescence assay. Life Science Alliance, 4(12). https://doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202101213
Lakhin, A. V., Tarantul, V. Z., & Gening, L. V. (2013). Aptamers: Problems, Solutions and Prospects. Acta Naturae, 5(4), 34-43. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890987/
Liu, Y., Canoura, J., Alkhamis, O., & Xiao, Y. (2021). Immobilization Strategies for Enhancing Sensitivity of Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 13(8), 9491. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c20707
Kukushkin, V. I., Ivanov, N. M., Novoseltseva, A. A., Gambaryan, A. S., Yaminsky, I. V., Kopylov, A. M., & Zavyalova, E. G. (2019). Highly sensitive detection of influenza virus with SERS aptasensor. PLOS ONE, 14(4), e0216247. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216247
Moccia, M., Caratelli, V., Cinti, S., Pede, B., Avitabile, C., Saviano, M., Imbriani, A. L., Moscone, D., & Arduini, F. (2020). Paper-based electrochemical peptide nucleic acid (PNA) biosensor for detection of miRNA-492: A pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma biomarker. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 165, 112371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.112371
Yao, D., Kim, J., Yu, F., Nielsen, P. E., Sinner, K., & Knoll, W. (2005). Surface Density Dependence of PCR Amplicon Hybridization on PNA/DNA Probe Layers. Biophysical Journal, 88(4), 2745-2751. https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.104.051656
Moraskie, M., Roshid, M. H. O., O'Connor, G., Dikici, E., Zingg, J., Deo, S., & Daunert, S. (2021). Microbial whole-cell biosensors: Current applications, challenges, and future perspectives. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 191, 113359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2021.113359
Kumari, W.M.N.H., Thiruchittampalam, S., Weerasinghe, M.S.S. et al. Characterization of a Bacillus megaterium strain with metal bioremediation potential and in silico discovery of novel cadmium binding motifs in the regulator, CadC. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 105, 2573–2586 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11193-2
Reyes, S., Le, N., Fuentes, M. D., Upegui, J., Dikici, E., Broyles, D., Quinto, E., Daunert, S., & Deo, S. K. (2019). An Intact Cell Bioluminescence-Based Assay for the Simple and Rapid Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(14), 5015. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145015
Sayfalar
51-68
Gelecek
14 Şubat 2025
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