Hipertansif Gebeliklerde Umblikal Doppler Rezistans İndeksinin Önemi

Fitzgerald D, Drumm JJ. Non-invasive measurement of human fetal circulation using ultrasound: a new method. British Medical Journal. 1977;2(6100): 1450-1451.
Trudinger BJ, Giles WB, Cook CM, et al. Fetal umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms and placental resistance: clinical significance. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1985;92(1): 23-30.
Giles WB, Trudinger BJ, Baird PJ. Fetal umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms and placental resistance: pathological correlation. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1985;92(1): 31-38.
Nnamani AO, Ibewuike CU1, Okere PC, et al. Comparative analysis of umbilical artery doppler indices of normal and suspected IUGR fetuses in the third trimester. Nigerian Journal Clinal Practice. 2021;24(12): 1793-1799
Adekanmi AJ, Roberts A, Akinmoladun JA, et al. Uterine and umbilical artery doppler in women with pre-eclampsia and their pregnancy outcomes. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2019;26(2): 106-112.
Farmakides G, Schulman H, Winter D, et al. Prenatal surveillance using nonstress testing and Doppler velocimetry. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988;71(2): 184-187.
Khadija S, Gilani SA, Butt S, et al. The Efficacy of Doppler Indices in Third Trimester of IUGR Pregnancies. Obstetrics and Gynecology Research. 2020;3(1): 1-9.
Copel J, Grannum P, Hobbins J, et al. Doppler ultrasound in obstetrics. 1988.
Rotmensch S, Copel JA, Hobbins JC. Introduction to doppler velocimetry in obstetrics. Obstetrics and Gynecoly Clinics of North America. 1991;18(4): 823-843.
Griffin D, Cohen-Overbeek T, Campbell S. Fetal and utero-placental blood flow. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1983;10(3): 565-602.
Cohen-Overbeek T, Pearce JM, Campbell S. The antenatal assessment of utero-placental and feto-placental blood flow using Doppler ultrasound. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. 1985;11(2): 329-339.
Garovic VD, Dechend R, Easterling T, et al. Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis, blood pressure goals, and pharmacotherapy: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2022;79(2): e21-e41.
Sibai BM. Hypertension in pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 1992;19(4): 615-632.
Braunthal S, Brateanu A. Hypertension in pregnancy: Pathophysiology and treatment. Sage open medicine. 2019;7: 2050312119843700.
Chesley LC. Diagnosis of preeclampsia. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1985;65(3): 423-425.
Friedman SA, Taylor RN, Roberts JM. Pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Clinics in perinatology. 1991;18(4):661-682.
Dekker G, Sibai BM. Early detection of preeclampsia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1991;165(1): 160-172.
El-Demiry NM, Maged AM, Gaafar HM, et al. The value of fetal Doppler indices as predictors of perinatal outcome in women with preeclampsia with severe features. Hypertension in Pregnancy. 2020;39(2): 95-102.
Branch DW. Physiologic adaptations of pregnancy. American Journal of Reproductive Immunoloji. 1992;28(3‐4): 120-122.
Geva T, Mauer MB, Strikera L, et al. Effects of physiologic load of pregnancy on left ventricular contractility and remodeling. American Heart Journal. 1997;133(1): 53-59.
Clapp III JF, Seaward BL, Sleamaker RH, et al. Maternal physiologic adaptations to early human pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988;159(6): 1456-1460.
Ramlakhan KP, Johnson MR, Roos-Hesselink JW. Pregnancy and cardiovascular disease. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2020;17(11): 718-731.
Rusinaru D, Bohbot Y, Djelaili F, et al. Normative reference values of cardiac output by pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography in adults. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2021;140: 128-133.
Fitzgerald D, Carr J. Doppler ultrasound diagnosis and classification as an alternative to arteriography. Angiology. 1975;26(3): 283-288.
Tolu LB, Ararso R, Abdulkadir A, et al. Perinatal outcome of growth restricted fetuses with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms compared to growth restricted fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms at a tertiary referral hospital in urban Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2020;15(6): e0234810.
Fox R, Kitt J, Leeson P, et al. Preeclampsia: risk factors, diagnosis, management, and the cardiovascular impact on the offspring. Journal of clinical medicine. 2019;8(10): 1625.
Melber DJ, Ballas J. (2021). Clinical Applications for Doppler in Obstetrics Ultrasonography. Current Radiology Reports. 2021; 9: 1-10.
Grytten J, Skau I, Eskild A. Does the use of Doppler ultrasound reduce fetal mortality? A population study of all deliveries in Norway 1990–2014. International journal of epidemiology. 2021;50(6): 2038-2047.
Buca D, Rizzo G, Gustapane S, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasound in predicting perinatal outcome in appropriate for gestational age fetuses: A prospective study. Ultraschall in der Medizin-European Journal of Ultrasound. 2021;42(04): 404-410.
Moon-Grady AJ, Donofrio MT, Gelehrter S, et al. Guidelines and Recommendations for Performance of the Fetal Echocardiogram: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2023; 36(7): 679-723
Gray P, Griffin E, Drumm J, et al. Continuous wave Doppler ultrasound in evaluation of cerebral blood flow in neonates. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1983;58(9): 677-681.
Lee W. General principles of carotid Doppler ultrasonography. Ultrasonography. 2014;33(1): 11.
Pourcelot L. Applications cliniques de l'examen Doppler transcutane. 1974: 213-240.
Alfirevic Z, Stampalija T, Medley N. Fetal and umbilical Doppler ultrasound in normal pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015; (4).
Redman CW. Examination of the placental circulation by Doppler ultrasound. British Medical Journal. 1989;298(6674): 621.
Thompson RS, Trudinger BJ, Cook CM. Doppler ultrasound waveform indices: A/B ratio, pulsatility index and Pourcelot ratio. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1988;95(6): 581-588.
Thompson RS, Trudinger BJ. Doppler waveform pulsatility index and resistance, pressure and flow in the umbilical placental circulation: an investigation using a mathematical model. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. 1990;16(5): 449-458.
Hendricks SK, Sorensen TK, Wang KY, ve ark. Doppler umbilical artery waveform indices-normal values from fourteen to forty-two weeks. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1989;161(3): 761-765.
Lowery Jr CL, Henson BV, Wan J, Brumfield CG. A comparison between umbilical artery velocimetry and standard antepartum surveillance in hospitalized high-risk patients. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990;162(3): 710-714.
Sijmons E, Reuwer P, Van Beek E, Bruinse HW. The validity of screening for small‐for‐gestational‐age and low‐weight‐for‐length infants by Doppler ultrasound. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1989;96(5): 557-561.
Khadija S, Gilani SA, Butt S, et al. The Efficacy of Doppler Indices in Third Trimester of IUGR Pregnancies. Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2020; 3(1): 1-9.
Rochelson B. The clinical significance of absent end-diastolic velocity in the umbilical artery waveforms. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1989;32(4): 692-702.
Bracero L, Schulman H, Fleischer A, Farmakides G, Rochelson B. Umbilical artery velocimetry in diabetes and pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1986;68(5): 654-658.
Fleischer A, Schulman H, Farmakides G, et al. Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in pregnant women with hypertension. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1986;154(4): 806-812.
Kofinas AD, Penry M, Nelson L, et al. Uterine and umbilical artery flow velocity waveform analysis in pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension or preeclampsia. Southern MedicalJournal. 1990;83(2): 150-155.
Pedroso MA, Palmer KR, Hodges RJ, et al. Uterine artery Doppler in screening for preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia. 2018;40: 287-293.
Cnossen JS, Morris RK, Ter Riet G, et al. Use of uterine artery Doppler ultrasonography to predict pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction: a systematic review and bivariable meta-analysis. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2008;178(6): 701-711.
Razavi M, Rashidi Fakari F, Jafari FS, et al. The role of uterine artery doppler ultrasound in the second trimester in predicting preeclampsia. International Journal of Pediatrics. 2019;7(5): 9405-9411.
Steel S, Pearce J, McParland P, et al. Early Doppler ultrasound screening in prediction of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The Lancet.1990;335(8705): 1548-1551.
Ducey J, Schulman H, Farmakides G, et al. A classification of hypertension in pregnancy based on h Doppler velocimet. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1987;157(3): 680-685.
Lloyd-Davies C, Collins SL, Burton GJ. Understanding the uterine artery Doppler waveform and its relationship to spiral artery remodelling. Placenta. 2021;105: 78-84.