Ruh Sağlığı Okuryazarlığı
Özet
Bu bölümde; bireylerin ve toplumun ruh sağlığının korunması, geliştirilmesi ve ruhsal hastalık durumunda bireylerin tedaviye başvurma, yardım arama ve ruh sağlığı hizmetlerini kullanmalarında önemli bir belirleyici olan ruh sağlığı okuryazarlığı kavramı ele alınmıştır. Bununla birlikte ruh sağlığı okuryazarlığı bileşenlerinden olan ruhsal bozuklukları tanıma becerisi, ruhsal bozuklukların risk faktörleri ve nedenleri hakkında bilgi ve inançlar, kendi kendine yardım müdahaleleriyle ilgili bilgi, profesyonel yardıma ilişkin bilgi ve inançlar, ruhsal bozuklukların doğru tanınmasını ve uygun yardım aramayı kolaylaştıran tutumlar ve ruh sağlığı ile ilgili doğru bilginin nasıl elde edileceğine ilişkin bilgi başlıklar halinde açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca ruh sağlığı okuryazarlığının nasıl değerlendirildiği ve bu konuda var olan geçerli ve güvenilir ölçme araçları sunulmuş; dünyada ve ülkemizde ruh sağlığı okuryazarlığının durumuna yer verilmiştir. Son olarak da ruh sağlığı okuryazarlığının geliştirilmesine yönelik ruh sağlığı ve psikiyatri hemşireliği tarafından yapılabilecek girişimler ve bu girişimlerin toplum ruh sağlığının korunması ve geliştirilmesindeki önemine değinilmiştir.
Referanslar
Özel Y, Duzcu T. Ruh sağlığı okuryazarlığı. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2018;6(77):380-387.
Jorm AF, Korten AE, Jacomb PA, et al. Mental health literacy: A survey of the publics ability to recognise mental disorders and their beleifs about the effectiveness of treatment. Medical Journal of Australia.1997;166(4), 182–186.
Vimalanathan A, Furnham A. Comparing physical and mental health literacy. Journal of Mental Health (Abingdon, England), 2019; 28(3), 243–248. doi:10.1080/09638237.2018.1466050
Reavley NJ, Jorm AF. Mental health literacy. In:Knifton L, Quinn N. (eds.) Public Mental Health Global Perspectives.First ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2013. p.50-58.
Kutcher S, Wei Y, Coniglio C. Mental health literacy: past, present, and future. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;61(3):154-8.
Tay JL, Tay YF, Klainin-Yobas P. Mental health literacy levels. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2018;32(5),757-763.
Gulliver A, Griffiths KM, Christensen H, et al. Internet – based interventions to promote mental health help – seeking in elite athletes: an exploratory randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2012;14(3):e69. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1864.
Tonsing KN. A review of mental health literacy in Singapore. Social work in health care. 2018, 57.1: 27-47.
Kadıoglu H, Karaca S, Eren N, et al. Development and validation of the Mental Health Promotion Scale. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 2021;1–10. doi:10.1111/ppc.12925
Devendorf A, Bender A, Rottenberg J. Depression presentations, stigma, and mental health literacy: A critical review and YouTube content analysis. Clinical Psychology Review. 2020;(78):101843. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101843
WHO. European Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020. [Online] https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases/mental health/publications [Accessed: 20.October2021]
Kılıç C. Türkiye’de ruhsal hastalıkların yaygınlığı ve ruhsal tedavi ihtiyacı konusunda neredeyiz? Toplum ve Hekim. 2020;35(3):179-187.
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı. Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı 2018. https://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/36134,siy2018trpdf.pdf?0 (Erişim tarihi: 17.11.2021).
Tokur Kesgin M, Pehlivan Ş, Uymaz P. Ruh Sağlığı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. 2020; 21(Ek sayı.2):5-13. doi: 10.5455/apd.102104
Ratnayake P, Hyde C. Mental health literacy, helpseeking behaviour and wellbeing in young people: implications for practice. The Educational and Developmental Psychologist. 2019; 36(1):16-21.
Seki Öz H. Bir il merkezinde yaşayan bireylerin ruh sağlığı okuryazarlığının incelenmesi. Humanistic Perspective. 2021, 3(3):660-675. doi: 10.47793/hp.993929
Fusar-Poli P, Salazar de Pablo G, De Micheli A, et al. What is good mental health? A scoping review. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2020; 31:33-46. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.12.105.
Lu S, Oldenburg B, Li W, et al. Population-based surveys and interventions for mental health literacy in China during 1997-2018: A scoping review. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19(1):316.
Huang D, Yang LH, Pescosolido BA. Understanding the public's profile of mental health literacy in China: A nationwide study. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19(1):20.
Dang H-M, Lam TT, Dao A, et al. Mental health literacy at the public health level in low and middle income countries: An exploratory mixed methods study in Vietnam. PLoS ONE.2020;15(12): e0244573. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0244573
Poon SH, Wang FQ, Goh J, et al. Mental Health Literacy in cancer outpatients in Singapore. East Asian Archives of Psychiatry. 2019;29(3):91-94. doi: 10.12809/eaap1813. PMID: 31566185.
Lopez V, Sanchez K, Killian MO, et al. Depression screening and education: an examination of mental health literacy and stigma in a sample of Hispanic women. BMC Public Health.2018;18(1):646.
Wu Q, Luo X, Chen S, et al. Mental health literacy survey of non-mental health professionals in six general hospitals in Hunan Province of China. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(7):1-13.
Al-Yateem N, Rossiter R, Robb W, et al. Mental health literacy among pediatric hospital staff in the United Arab Emirates. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):390.
Hao Y, Wu Q, Luo X, et al. Mental health literacy of non-mental health nurses: A mental health survey in four general hospitals in Hunan Province, China. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:507969.
Öztaş B, Aydoğan A. Sağlık profesyonellerinin ruh sağlığı okuryazarlık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi.2021;12(3):198-204.
Devraj R, Gupchup GV, Henson D. Mental health literacy of pharmacy students compared to nursing and medical students. Innovations in Pharmacy. 2019;10(4):1-13.
Öztürk A, Kaçan Softa H, Ulaş Karaahmetoğlu G. Kastamonu Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören hemşirelik öğrencilerinin ruhsal hastalıklara karşı inançları ve psikiyatri hemşireliği dersinin etkisi. Uluslararası Hakemli Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2015;2(4):146-166.
Bonabi H, Müller M, Ajdacic-Gross V, et al. Mental health literacy, attitudes to help seeking, and perceived need as predictors of mental health service use: A longitudinal study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2016;204(4):321-324.
Guo S, Yang Y, Liu F, et al. The awareness rate of mental health knowledge among Chinese adolescent: a systematic review and meta- analysis. Medicine 2020;99:7(e19148).
Beaudry MB, Swartz K, Miller L, et al. Effectiveness of the adolescent depression awareness program (ADAP) on depression literacy and mental health treatment. Journal of School Health. 2019;89(3):165-172.
Miles R, Rabin L, Krishnan A, et al. Mental health literacy in a diverse sample of undergraduate students: demographic, psychological, and academic correlates. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1699.
Salerno JP. Effectiveness of Universal School-Based Mental Health Awareness Programs Among Youth in the United States: A Systematic Review. Journal of School Health. 2016;86(12):922-931.
Tay KW, Ong AWH, Pheh KS, Low SK, Tan CS, Low PK. Assessing the effectiveness of a mental health literacy programme for refugee teachers in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2019;26(6):120-126.
Campos L, Dias P, Duarte A, et al. Is ıt possible to “Find Space for Mental Health” in young people? Effectiveness of a school-based mental health literacy promotion program. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018;15(7):1426.
Brijnath B, Protheroe J, Mahtani KR, Antoniades J. Do Web-based Mental Health Literacy Interventions Improve the Mental Health Literacy of Adult Consumers? Results From a Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2016 Jun 20;18(6):e165.
Morgan AJ, Ross A, Reavley NJ.Systematic review and meta-analysis of Mental Health First Aid training: Effects on knowledge, stigma, and helping behaviour. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(5): e0197102.
Morgan AJ, Fischer JA, Hart LM, et al. Does mental health first aid training improve the mental health of aid recipients? The training for parents of teenagers randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19(1):99.
Aluh DO, Okonta MJ, Odılı VU. Cross-sectional survey of mental health literacy among undergraduate students of the University of Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2019;9.9: e028913. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028913
Bilge A, Çam O. Ruhsal Hastalığa Yönelik İnançlar Ölçeği’nin geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2008; 9:91-96.
Jung H, Von Sternberg K, Davis K. Expanding a measure of mental health literacy: Development and validation of a multicomponent mental health literacy measure. Psychiatry Research. 2016;243, 278–286. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.06.034
Göktaş S, Işıklı B, Önsüz MF, vd. Ruh Sağlığı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği’nin (RSOY Ölçeği) Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi. 2019;11(3): 424-431. doi: 10.18521/ktd.453411
O’Connor M, Casey L. The Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS): A new scale-based measure of mental health literacy. Psychiatry Research. 2015; 1-2:511-516.
Akdoğan E. Ruh Sağlığı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Karabük Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Hemşirelik Bilimi Anabilim Dalı, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Karabük,2018.
Dias P, Campos L, Almeida H, et al. Mental health literacy in young adults: adaptation and psychometric properties of the mental health literacy questionnaire. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018, 15, 1318; doi:10.3390/ijerph15071318
Riebschleger J, Costello S, Cavanaugh DL et al. Mental health literacy of youth that have a family member with a mental ıllness: outcomes from a new program and scale. Front Psychiatry 2019;10:2. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00002
Griffiths KM, Christensen H, Jorm AF, et al. Effect of web-based depression literacy and cognitive–behavioural therapy interventions on stigmatising attitudes to depression. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2004;185(4):342-349. doi: 10.1192/bjp.185.4.342
Göktaş S, Işıklı B, Yenilmez Ç, vd. Anksiyete Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği'nin Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi. DEÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019;33(2): 167-174. doi: 10.5505/deutfd.2019.40412
Bjørnsen HN, Ringdal R, Espnes GA, et al. Positive mental health literacy: development and validation of a measure among Norwegian adolescents. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):717.
Griffiths KM, Bennett K, Walker J, et al. Effectiveness of MH-Guru, a brief online mental health program for the workplace: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2016;6:29-39.
Tay JL, Tay YF, Klainin-Yobas P. Effectiveness of information and communication technologies interventions to increase mental health literacy: A systematic review. Early Interventions in Psychiatry. 2018;12(6):1024-1037.
Yamaguchi S, Foo JC, Nishida A, Ogawa S, Togo F, Sasaki T. Mental health literacy programs for school teachers: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Early Interventions in Psychiatry. 2020;14(1):14-25.
Çam O. Ruh sağlığı ve hastalıklarına genel bakış. İçinde: Çam O, Engin E. (ed.) Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği. 1.Baskı. İstanbul: İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi; 2014. s.12-15.
Bilge A. Toplum ruh sağlığı. İçinde: Çam O, Engin E. (ed.) Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği. 1.Baskı. İstanbul: İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi; 2014. s.897-898.
Jorm AF, Korten AE, Jacomb PA, et al. Mental health literacy: A survey of the publics ability to recognise mental disorders and their beleifs about the effectiveness of treatment. Medical Journal of Australia.1997;166(4), 182–186.
Vimalanathan A, Furnham A. Comparing physical and mental health literacy. Journal of Mental Health (Abingdon, England), 2019; 28(3), 243–248. doi:10.1080/09638237.2018.1466050
Reavley NJ, Jorm AF. Mental health literacy. In:Knifton L, Quinn N. (eds.) Public Mental Health Global Perspectives.First ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2013. p.50-58.
Kutcher S, Wei Y, Coniglio C. Mental health literacy: past, present, and future. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2016;61(3):154-8.
Tay JL, Tay YF, Klainin-Yobas P. Mental health literacy levels. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2018;32(5),757-763.
Gulliver A, Griffiths KM, Christensen H, et al. Internet – based interventions to promote mental health help – seeking in elite athletes: an exploratory randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2012;14(3):e69. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1864.
Tonsing KN. A review of mental health literacy in Singapore. Social work in health care. 2018, 57.1: 27-47.
Kadıoglu H, Karaca S, Eren N, et al. Development and validation of the Mental Health Promotion Scale. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 2021;1–10. doi:10.1111/ppc.12925
Devendorf A, Bender A, Rottenberg J. Depression presentations, stigma, and mental health literacy: A critical review and YouTube content analysis. Clinical Psychology Review. 2020;(78):101843. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101843
WHO. European Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020. [Online] https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases/mental health/publications [Accessed: 20.October2021]
Kılıç C. Türkiye’de ruhsal hastalıkların yaygınlığı ve ruhsal tedavi ihtiyacı konusunda neredeyiz? Toplum ve Hekim. 2020;35(3):179-187.
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı. Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı 2018. https://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/36134,siy2018trpdf.pdf?0 (Erişim tarihi: 17.11.2021).
Tokur Kesgin M, Pehlivan Ş, Uymaz P. Ruh Sağlığı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. 2020; 21(Ek sayı.2):5-13. doi: 10.5455/apd.102104
Ratnayake P, Hyde C. Mental health literacy, helpseeking behaviour and wellbeing in young people: implications for practice. The Educational and Developmental Psychologist. 2019; 36(1):16-21.
Seki Öz H. Bir il merkezinde yaşayan bireylerin ruh sağlığı okuryazarlığının incelenmesi. Humanistic Perspective. 2021, 3(3):660-675. doi: 10.47793/hp.993929
Fusar-Poli P, Salazar de Pablo G, De Micheli A, et al. What is good mental health? A scoping review. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2020; 31:33-46. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.12.105.
Lu S, Oldenburg B, Li W, et al. Population-based surveys and interventions for mental health literacy in China during 1997-2018: A scoping review. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19(1):316.
Huang D, Yang LH, Pescosolido BA. Understanding the public's profile of mental health literacy in China: A nationwide study. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19(1):20.
Dang H-M, Lam TT, Dao A, et al. Mental health literacy at the public health level in low and middle income countries: An exploratory mixed methods study in Vietnam. PLoS ONE.2020;15(12): e0244573. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0244573
Poon SH, Wang FQ, Goh J, et al. Mental Health Literacy in cancer outpatients in Singapore. East Asian Archives of Psychiatry. 2019;29(3):91-94. doi: 10.12809/eaap1813. PMID: 31566185.
Lopez V, Sanchez K, Killian MO, et al. Depression screening and education: an examination of mental health literacy and stigma in a sample of Hispanic women. BMC Public Health.2018;18(1):646.
Wu Q, Luo X, Chen S, et al. Mental health literacy survey of non-mental health professionals in six general hospitals in Hunan Province of China. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(7):1-13.
Al-Yateem N, Rossiter R, Robb W, et al. Mental health literacy among pediatric hospital staff in the United Arab Emirates. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):390.
Hao Y, Wu Q, Luo X, et al. Mental health literacy of non-mental health nurses: A mental health survey in four general hospitals in Hunan Province, China. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:507969.
Öztaş B, Aydoğan A. Sağlık profesyonellerinin ruh sağlığı okuryazarlık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi.2021;12(3):198-204.
Devraj R, Gupchup GV, Henson D. Mental health literacy of pharmacy students compared to nursing and medical students. Innovations in Pharmacy. 2019;10(4):1-13.
Öztürk A, Kaçan Softa H, Ulaş Karaahmetoğlu G. Kastamonu Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören hemşirelik öğrencilerinin ruhsal hastalıklara karşı inançları ve psikiyatri hemşireliği dersinin etkisi. Uluslararası Hakemli Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2015;2(4):146-166.
Bonabi H, Müller M, Ajdacic-Gross V, et al. Mental health literacy, attitudes to help seeking, and perceived need as predictors of mental health service use: A longitudinal study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2016;204(4):321-324.
Guo S, Yang Y, Liu F, et al. The awareness rate of mental health knowledge among Chinese adolescent: a systematic review and meta- analysis. Medicine 2020;99:7(e19148).
Beaudry MB, Swartz K, Miller L, et al. Effectiveness of the adolescent depression awareness program (ADAP) on depression literacy and mental health treatment. Journal of School Health. 2019;89(3):165-172.
Miles R, Rabin L, Krishnan A, et al. Mental health literacy in a diverse sample of undergraduate students: demographic, psychological, and academic correlates. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1699.
Salerno JP. Effectiveness of Universal School-Based Mental Health Awareness Programs Among Youth in the United States: A Systematic Review. Journal of School Health. 2016;86(12):922-931.
Tay KW, Ong AWH, Pheh KS, Low SK, Tan CS, Low PK. Assessing the effectiveness of a mental health literacy programme for refugee teachers in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2019;26(6):120-126.
Campos L, Dias P, Duarte A, et al. Is ıt possible to “Find Space for Mental Health” in young people? Effectiveness of a school-based mental health literacy promotion program. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018;15(7):1426.
Brijnath B, Protheroe J, Mahtani KR, Antoniades J. Do Web-based Mental Health Literacy Interventions Improve the Mental Health Literacy of Adult Consumers? Results From a Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2016 Jun 20;18(6):e165.
Morgan AJ, Ross A, Reavley NJ.Systematic review and meta-analysis of Mental Health First Aid training: Effects on knowledge, stigma, and helping behaviour. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(5): e0197102.
Morgan AJ, Fischer JA, Hart LM, et al. Does mental health first aid training improve the mental health of aid recipients? The training for parents of teenagers randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2019;19(1):99.
Aluh DO, Okonta MJ, Odılı VU. Cross-sectional survey of mental health literacy among undergraduate students of the University of Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2019;9.9: e028913. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028913
Bilge A, Çam O. Ruhsal Hastalığa Yönelik İnançlar Ölçeği’nin geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2008; 9:91-96.
Jung H, Von Sternberg K, Davis K. Expanding a measure of mental health literacy: Development and validation of a multicomponent mental health literacy measure. Psychiatry Research. 2016;243, 278–286. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.06.034
Göktaş S, Işıklı B, Önsüz MF, vd. Ruh Sağlığı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği’nin (RSOY Ölçeği) Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi. 2019;11(3): 424-431. doi: 10.18521/ktd.453411
O’Connor M, Casey L. The Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS): A new scale-based measure of mental health literacy. Psychiatry Research. 2015; 1-2:511-516.
Akdoğan E. Ruh Sağlığı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Karabük Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Hemşirelik Bilimi Anabilim Dalı, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Karabük,2018.
Dias P, Campos L, Almeida H, et al. Mental health literacy in young adults: adaptation and psychometric properties of the mental health literacy questionnaire. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018, 15, 1318; doi:10.3390/ijerph15071318
Riebschleger J, Costello S, Cavanaugh DL et al. Mental health literacy of youth that have a family member with a mental ıllness: outcomes from a new program and scale. Front Psychiatry 2019;10:2. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00002
Griffiths KM, Christensen H, Jorm AF, et al. Effect of web-based depression literacy and cognitive–behavioural therapy interventions on stigmatising attitudes to depression. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2004;185(4):342-349. doi: 10.1192/bjp.185.4.342
Göktaş S, Işıklı B, Yenilmez Ç, vd. Anksiyete Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği'nin Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi. DEÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019;33(2): 167-174. doi: 10.5505/deutfd.2019.40412
Bjørnsen HN, Ringdal R, Espnes GA, et al. Positive mental health literacy: development and validation of a measure among Norwegian adolescents. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):717.
Griffiths KM, Bennett K, Walker J, et al. Effectiveness of MH-Guru, a brief online mental health program for the workplace: A randomised controlled trial. Internet Interventions. 2016;6:29-39.
Tay JL, Tay YF, Klainin-Yobas P. Effectiveness of information and communication technologies interventions to increase mental health literacy: A systematic review. Early Interventions in Psychiatry. 2018;12(6):1024-1037.
Yamaguchi S, Foo JC, Nishida A, Ogawa S, Togo F, Sasaki T. Mental health literacy programs for school teachers: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Early Interventions in Psychiatry. 2020;14(1):14-25.
Çam O. Ruh sağlığı ve hastalıklarına genel bakış. İçinde: Çam O, Engin E. (ed.) Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği. 1.Baskı. İstanbul: İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi; 2014. s.12-15.
Bilge A. Toplum ruh sağlığı. İçinde: Çam O, Engin E. (ed.) Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği. 1.Baskı. İstanbul: İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi; 2014. s.897-898.
Sayfalar
99-120
Yayınlanan
3 Nisan 2023
Telif Hakkı (c) 2023 Akademisyen Kitap Portalı
Lisans
LisansNasıl Atıf Yapılır
1.
Onan N, Dinç S. Ruh Sağlığı Okuryazarlığı. Içinde: Ünsal G, Avcı D, Duran S, editörler. Toplum Ruh Sağlığı Hemşireliği [Internet]. Türkiye: Akademisyen Yayınevi Kitap DOI Portalı; 2023 [a.yer 16 Temmuz 2026]. ss. 99-120. Erişim adresi: https://omp35.books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/book/2510/chapter/12834
