Aterosklerotik Koroner Arter Hastalığı Tanımı Epidemiyolojisi ve Risk Faktörleri
References
Vrints C, Andreotti F, Koskinas KC, et al. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes: Developed by the task force for the management of chronic coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). European Heart Journal 2024. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae177.
Libby P, Theroux P. Pathophysiology of coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2005;111(25):3481-88.
Rsamond W, Flegal K, Friday et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics 2007 update: A report from the American Heart Association statistics committee and stroke statistics subcommittee. Circulation. 2007;115:169-71.
Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J,et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2012;60(24):e44-e164.
Onat A, Sansoy V, Soydan İ, Tokgözoğlu SL. Oniki Yıllık İzleme Deneyimine Göre, Türk Erişkinlerinde Kalp Sağlığı. Onat A, TEKHARF. Mas Matbaacılık; 2003:15-23.
Maron BJ, Doerer JJ, Haas TS, et al. .Sudden deaths in young competitive athletes: Analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980-2006. Circulation. 2009;119(8):1085-92.
Roth GA, Johnson C, Abajobir A, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases for 10 causes, 1990 to 2015. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2017;70(1):1-25.
World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases (cvds). World Health Organization. [çevrimiçi] (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds) adresinden 13.09.2024 tarihinde erişilmiştir.)
GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1204-22.
Sarebanhassanabadi M, Mirjalili SR, Marques-Vidal P, et al. Coronary artery disease incidence, risk factors, awareness, and medication utilization in a 10-year cohort study. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2024;24:101. doi:10.1186/s12872-024-03769-3.
Ambrose JA, Barua RS. The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: An update. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2004;43(10):1731-37.
Brown JC, Gerhardt TE, Kwon E. Risk factors for coronary artery disease. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024.
Medina-Leyte DJ, Zepeda-García O, Domínguez-Pérez , et al. Endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and coronary artery disease: potential biomarkers and promising therapeutic approaches. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(8):3850. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083850
Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Ventura HO. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: risk factor, paradox, and impact of weight loss. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2009;53(21):1925-32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.12.068
Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F,et al. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet. 2012;380(9838):219-29. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9.
UpToDate. The role of platelets in coronary heart disease. Published 2024. Accessed September 6, 2024. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-role-of-platelets-in-coronary-heart-disease.
Hajar R. Risk factors for coronary artery disease: Historical perspectives. Heart Views. 2017;18(3):109-114. doi: 10.4103/HEARTVIEWS.HEARTVIEWS_106_17.
Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Circulation. 2002;106:3143.
Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. European Heart Journal 2020;41(1):111-88.
Marx N, Federici M, Schütt K,et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. European Heart Journal 2023;44(39):4043-140.
American Diabetes Association. 10. Cardiovascular disease and risk management: standards of medical care in diabetes—2021. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(Suppl 1):S125–50. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-S010
Beckman JA, Creager MA, Libby P. Diabetes and atherosclerosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. JAMA. 2002;287(19):2570-81. doi: 10.1001/jama.287.19.2570.
Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): Case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364(9438):937-52.
UpToDate. Cardiovascular risk of smoking and benefits of smoking cessation. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cardiovascular-risk-of-smoking-and-benefits-of-smoking-cessation
Visseren FLJ, Mach F, Smulders YM, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. European Heart Journal 2021;42(34):3227-37.
NIDA. Are there gender differences in tobacco smoking?. Available from: https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/tobacco-nicotine-e-cigarettes/are-there-gender-differences-in-tobacco-smoking.
Visseren FLJ, Mach F, Smulders YM, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: Developed by the Task Force for cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice with representatives of the European Society of Cardiology and 12 medical societies With the special contribution of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). European Heart Journal 2021;42(34):3227-3337. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484.
Schiffrin EL. A critical review of the role of endothelial factors in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2001;38(S3):S3-S6.
McEvoy JW, McCarthy CP, Bruno RM, et al. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension: Developed by the task force on the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and endorsed by the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) and the European Stroke Organisation (ESO). European Heart Journal 2024; ehae178. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178.
Zierle-Ghosh A, Jan A. Physiology, Body Mass Index. [Updated 2023 Nov 5]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535456/.
Després JP. Body fat distribution and risk of cardiovascular disease: an update. Circulation. 2012;126(10):1301-13. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.067264.
World Health Organization (WHO). Waist Circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio: Report of WHO Expert Consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241501491.
De Lorgeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, et al.. Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation. 1999;99:779-785.
Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Azen SP, et al. Hormone therapy and the progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. New England Journal of Medicine 2003;349(6):535-45. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa030830.
Schiffrin EL. A critical review of the role of endothelial factors in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2001;38(S3):S3-6.
Lakatta EG, Levy D. Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises: part I: aging arteries: a "set up" for vascular disease. Circulation. 2003;107(1):139-46. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000048892.83521.58. PMID: 12515756.
UpToDate. Overview of established risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Published 2024. Accessed September 6, 2024. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-established-risk-factors-for-cardiovascular-disease.
Ridker PM. C-reactive protein: A simple test to help predict risk of heart attack and stroke. Circulation. 2003;108(12):e81-e85.
Nordestgaard BG, Chapman MJ, Ray K, Borén J, Andreotti F, Watts GF, et al. Lipoprotein(a) as a cardiovascular risk factor: Current status. European Heart Journal 2010;31(23):2844-2853.
Meuwese MC, Stroes ES, Hazen SL, et al. Serum myeloperoxidase levels are associated with the future risk of coronary artery disease in apparently healthy individuals: The EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2007;50(2):159-65.
Libby P, Theroux P. Pathophysiology of coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2005;111(25):3481-88.
Rsamond W, Flegal K, Friday et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics 2007 update: A report from the American Heart Association statistics committee and stroke statistics subcommittee. Circulation. 2007;115:169-71.
Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J,et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2012;60(24):e44-e164.
Onat A, Sansoy V, Soydan İ, Tokgözoğlu SL. Oniki Yıllık İzleme Deneyimine Göre, Türk Erişkinlerinde Kalp Sağlığı. Onat A, TEKHARF. Mas Matbaacılık; 2003:15-23.
Maron BJ, Doerer JJ, Haas TS, et al. .Sudden deaths in young competitive athletes: Analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980-2006. Circulation. 2009;119(8):1085-92.
Roth GA, Johnson C, Abajobir A, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases for 10 causes, 1990 to 2015. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2017;70(1):1-25.
World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases (cvds). World Health Organization. [çevrimiçi] (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds) adresinden 13.09.2024 tarihinde erişilmiştir.)
GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1204-22.
Sarebanhassanabadi M, Mirjalili SR, Marques-Vidal P, et al. Coronary artery disease incidence, risk factors, awareness, and medication utilization in a 10-year cohort study. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2024;24:101. doi:10.1186/s12872-024-03769-3.
Ambrose JA, Barua RS. The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: An update. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2004;43(10):1731-37.
Brown JC, Gerhardt TE, Kwon E. Risk factors for coronary artery disease. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024.
Medina-Leyte DJ, Zepeda-García O, Domínguez-Pérez , et al. Endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and coronary artery disease: potential biomarkers and promising therapeutic approaches. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(8):3850. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083850
Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Ventura HO. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: risk factor, paradox, and impact of weight loss. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2009;53(21):1925-32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.12.068
Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F,et al. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet. 2012;380(9838):219-29. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9.
UpToDate. The role of platelets in coronary heart disease. Published 2024. Accessed September 6, 2024. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-role-of-platelets-in-coronary-heart-disease.
Hajar R. Risk factors for coronary artery disease: Historical perspectives. Heart Views. 2017;18(3):109-114. doi: 10.4103/HEARTVIEWS.HEARTVIEWS_106_17.
Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Circulation. 2002;106:3143.
Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. European Heart Journal 2020;41(1):111-88.
Marx N, Federici M, Schütt K,et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. European Heart Journal 2023;44(39):4043-140.
American Diabetes Association. 10. Cardiovascular disease and risk management: standards of medical care in diabetes—2021. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(Suppl 1):S125–50. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-S010
Beckman JA, Creager MA, Libby P. Diabetes and atherosclerosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. JAMA. 2002;287(19):2570-81. doi: 10.1001/jama.287.19.2570.
Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): Case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364(9438):937-52.
UpToDate. Cardiovascular risk of smoking and benefits of smoking cessation. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cardiovascular-risk-of-smoking-and-benefits-of-smoking-cessation
Visseren FLJ, Mach F, Smulders YM, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. European Heart Journal 2021;42(34):3227-37.
NIDA. Are there gender differences in tobacco smoking?. Available from: https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/tobacco-nicotine-e-cigarettes/are-there-gender-differences-in-tobacco-smoking.
Visseren FLJ, Mach F, Smulders YM, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: Developed by the Task Force for cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice with representatives of the European Society of Cardiology and 12 medical societies With the special contribution of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). European Heart Journal 2021;42(34):3227-3337. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484.
Schiffrin EL. A critical review of the role of endothelial factors in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2001;38(S3):S3-S6.
McEvoy JW, McCarthy CP, Bruno RM, et al. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension: Developed by the task force on the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and endorsed by the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) and the European Stroke Organisation (ESO). European Heart Journal 2024; ehae178. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178.
Zierle-Ghosh A, Jan A. Physiology, Body Mass Index. [Updated 2023 Nov 5]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535456/.
Després JP. Body fat distribution and risk of cardiovascular disease: an update. Circulation. 2012;126(10):1301-13. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.067264.
World Health Organization (WHO). Waist Circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio: Report of WHO Expert Consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241501491.
De Lorgeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, et al.. Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation. 1999;99:779-785.
Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Azen SP, et al. Hormone therapy and the progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. New England Journal of Medicine 2003;349(6):535-45. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa030830.
Schiffrin EL. A critical review of the role of endothelial factors in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 2001;38(S3):S3-6.
Lakatta EG, Levy D. Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises: part I: aging arteries: a "set up" for vascular disease. Circulation. 2003;107(1):139-46. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000048892.83521.58. PMID: 12515756.
UpToDate. Overview of established risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Published 2024. Accessed September 6, 2024. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-established-risk-factors-for-cardiovascular-disease.
Ridker PM. C-reactive protein: A simple test to help predict risk of heart attack and stroke. Circulation. 2003;108(12):e81-e85.
Nordestgaard BG, Chapman MJ, Ray K, Borén J, Andreotti F, Watts GF, et al. Lipoprotein(a) as a cardiovascular risk factor: Current status. European Heart Journal 2010;31(23):2844-2853.
Meuwese MC, Stroes ES, Hazen SL, et al. Serum myeloperoxidase levels are associated with the future risk of coronary artery disease in apparently healthy individuals: The EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2007;50(2):159-65.
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Published
October 8, 2024
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