Serebrovasküler Olay ve Geçici İskemik Atak
Synopsis
Serebrovasküler olaylar (SVO) ve geçici iskemik ataklar (GİA), bir an önce tanısının konması ve tedavisine başlanması gereken nörolojik acillerdir. Serebrovasküler olayları, iskemik ve hemorajik inme olarak genel hatlarıyla ikiye ayırabiliriz. İnmenin etiyolojisinin belirlenmesi, hem prognozu hem de sonuçları doğrudan etkilediği için önemlidir (1,2). İskemik inme, beyne giden kan akışında azalmaya neden olan trombotik veya embolik bir olaydan kaynaklanmaktadır. Hemorajik inme, beyin dokusunu besleyen bir damardan kaynaklanan kanama sonucunda ortaya çıkar. Hemorajik inme ayrıca intraserebral kanama (İSK) ve subaraknoid kanama (SAK) olarak alt bölümlere ayrılabilir. Hemorajik inme ciddi morbidite ve yüksek mortalite ile ilişkilidir (3). GİA ise, herhangi bir akut enfarkt ya da doku hasarı meydana gelmeksizin fokal serebral, spinal kord ya da retinal iskemiden kaynaklan geçici nörolojik işlev bozukluğu olarak tanımlanır, tipik olarak bir saatten az sürer, daha sıklıkla dakikalar sürer. GİA, yaklaşan bir iskemik inme için ciddi bir uyarı olarak kabul edilebilir. Geçici iskemik ataklar genellikle altta yatan serebrovasküler hastalığa bağlı olarak fokal nörolojik defisit ile ilişkilidir ve her zaman ani başlangıçlıdır.
References
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Seshadri S, Beiser A, Kelly-Hayes M, Kase CS, Au R, Kannel WB, Wolf PA. The lifetime risk of stroke: estimates from the Framingham Study. Stroke. 2006 Feb;37(2):345-50.
Carandang R, Seshadri S, Beiser A, Kelly-Hayes M, Kase CS, Kannel WB, Wolf PA. Trends in incidence, lifetime risk, severity, and 30-day mortality of stroke over the past 50 years. JAMA. 2006 Dec 27;296(24):2939-46.
Kitagawa K. Blood pressure management for secondary stroke prevention. Hypertens Res. 2022 Jun;45(6):936-943.
Castello JP, Pasi M, Kubiszewski P, Abramson JR, Charidimou A, Kourkoulis C, DiPucchio Z, Schwab K, Anderson CD, Gurol ME, Greenberg SM, Rosand J, Viswanathan A, Biffi A. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Depression Among Intracerebral Hemorrhage Survivors. Stroke. 2022 Feb;53(2):523-531.
Ojaghihaghighi S, Vahdati SS, Mikaeilpour A, Ramouz A. Comparison of neurological clinical manifestation in patients with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. World J Emerg Med. 2017;8(1):34-38.
An SJ, Kim TJ, Yoon BW. Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Features of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: An Update. J Stroke. 2017 Jan;19(1):3-10.
Magid-Bernstein J, Girard R, Polster S, Srinath A, Romanos S, Awad IA, Sansing LH. Cerebral Hemorrhage: Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Future Directions. Circ Res. 2022 Apr 15;130(8):1204-1229.
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353-376
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May 3, 2024
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Çınarlık MA, Çiftçi M. Serebrovasküler Olay ve Geçici İskemik Atak. In: Akman C, Karcıoğlu Ö, editors. Dahili Aciller [Internet]. Türkiye: Academician Publishing Book DOI Portal; 2024 [cited 2026 Jul. 13]. pp. 353-76. Available from: https://omp35.books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/book/3074/chapter/13187
