Hipertiroidi İlişkili Aciller
Synopsis
Tiroid bezi, T4, T3 ve kalsitonin hormonlarını üreterek vücut metabolizmasını düzenler. Hipertiroidi, tiroid hormonlarının aşırı salgılanması sonucu ortaya çıkan bir durumdur ve Graves hastalığı en yaygın nedenidir. Tiroid fırtınası, hipertiroidizmin şiddetli bir formudur ve yaşamı tehdit edebilir. Tanı için hastada tiroid fırtınasından şüphelenmek önemlidir, laboratuvar testleri, özellikle serbest T4 ve TSH seviyeleri kullanılabilir. Tiorid fırtınası tedavisine erken dönemde başlanmalıdır. Tiroid fırtınasının tedavisi, periferik adrenerjik etkilerin engellenmesi, yeni hormon sentezinin önlenmesi ve T4'ün T3'e dönüşümünün engellenmesi ve tiroid hormonlarının geri emiliminin engellenmesini içerir.
References
Galindo RJ, Hurtado CR, Pasquel FJ, García Tome R, Peng L, Umpierrez GE. National Trends in Incidence, Mortality, and Clinical Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized for Thyrotoxicosis With and Without Thyroid Storm in the United States, 2004-2013. Thyroid. 2019;29(1):36-43.
Angell TE, Lechner MG, Nguyen CT, Salvato VL, Nicoloff JT, LoPresti JS. Clinical features and hospital outcomes in thyroid storm: a retrospective cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(2):451-9.
Akamizu T, Satoh T, Isozaki O, Suzuki A, Wakino S, Iburi T, et al. Diagnostic criteria, clinical features, and incidence of thyroid storm based on nationwide surveys. Thyroid. 2012;22(7):661-79.
Trzepacz PT, Klein I, Roberts M, Greenhouse J, Levey GS. Graves' disease: an analysis of thyroid hormone levels and hyperthyroid signs and symptoms. Am J Med. 1989;87(5):558-61.
Kidd GS, Glass AR, Vigersky RA. The hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in thyrotoxicosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1979;48(5):798-802.
Krassas GE, Pontikides N, Kaltsas T, Papadopoulou P, Batrinos M. Menstrual disturbances in thyrotoxicosis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1994;40(5):641-4.
Boelaert K, Torlinska B, Holder RL, Franklyn JA. Older subjects with hyperthyroidism present with a paucity of symptoms and signs: a large cross-sectional study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(6):2715-26.
Trivalle C, Doucet J, Chassagne P, Landrin I, Kadri N, Menard JF, et al. Differences in the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism in older and younger patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996;44(1):50-3.
Rana P, Alba Aponte P, Babar G. An Adolescent Female with Bipolar Disorder Presenting with Lithium-Induced Hyperthyroidism. Case Rep Endocrinol. 2020;2020:1283464.
Daniels GH, Vladic A, Brinar V, Zavalishin I, Valente W, Oyuela P, et al. Alemtuzumab-related thyroid dysfunction in a phase 2 trial of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(1):80-9.
Batcher EL, Tang XC, Singh BN, Singh SN, Reda DJ, Hershman JM. Thyroid function abnormalities during amiodarone therapy for persistent atrial fibrillation. Am J Med. 2007;120(10):880-5.
Satoh M, Aso K, Nakayama T, Saji T. Effect of treatment with epoprostenol and endothelin receptor antagonists on the development of thyrotoxicosis in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Endocr J. 2017;64(12):1173-80.
Dabon-Almirante CLM, Surks MI. CLINICAL AND LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF THYROTOXICOSIS. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. 1998;27(1):25-35.
Brooks MH, Waldstein SS. Free thyroxine concentrations in thyroid storm. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93(5):694-7.
Feely J, Forrest A, Gunn A, Hamilton W, Stevenson I, Crooks J. Propranolol dosage in thyrotoxicosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1980;51(3):658-61.
Bourcier S, Coutrot M, Kimmoun A, Sonneville R, de Montmollin E, Persichini R, et al. Thyroid Storm in the ICU: A Retrospective Multicenter Study. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(1):83-90.
Vora NM, Fedok F, Stack BC, Jr. Report of a rare case of trauma-induced thyroid storm. Ear Nose Throat J. 2002;81(8):570-2, 4.
Swee du S, Chng CL, Lim A. Clinical characteristics and outcome of thyroid storm: a case series and review of neuropsychiatric derangements in thyrotoxicosis. Endocr Pract. 2015;21(2):182-9.
Rivas AM, Larumbe E, Thavaraputta S, Juarez E, Adiga A, Lado-Abeal J. Unfavorable Socioeconomic Factors Underlie High Rates of Hospitalization for Complicated Thyrotoxicosis in Some Regions of the United States. Thyroid. 2019;29(1):27-35.
Akamizu T. Thyroid Storm: A Japanese Perspective. Thyroid. 2018;28(1):32-40.
Anjo D, Maia J, Carvalho AC, Castro H, Aragão I, Vieira AP, et al. Thyroid storm and arrhythmic storm: a potentially fatal combination. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31(9):1418.e3-5.
Martinez-Diaz GJ, Formaker C, Hsia R. Atrial fibrillation from thyroid storm. J Emerg Med. 2012;42(1):e7-9.
Heeringa J, Hoogendoorn EH, van der Deure WM, Hofman A, Peeters RP, Hop WC, et al. High-normal thyroid function and risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam study. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(20):2219-24.
Isozaki O, Satoh T, Wakino S, Suzuki A, Iburi T, Tsuboi K, et al. Treatment and management of thyroid storm: analysis of the nationwide surveys: The taskforce committee of the Japan Thyroid Association and Japan Endocrine Society for the establishment of diagnostic criteria and nationwide surveys for thyroid storm. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2016;84(6):912-8.
Dalan R, Leow MK. Cardiovascular collapse associated with beta blockade in thyroid storm. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2007;115(6):392-6.
Herzallah ZN, Gupta S, Abdulhamid MD, Muhammed Noori OQ. Esmolol Is Not the Solution: Thyroid Storm With Atrial Fibrillation. Cureus. 2023;15(2):e35201.
Subahi A, Ibrahim W, Abugroun A. Diltiazem-Associated Cardiogenic Shock in Thyrotoxic Crisis. Am J Ther. 2018;25(6):e666-e9.
Senda A, Endo A, Tachimori H, Fushimi K, Otomo Y. Early administration of glucocorticoid for thyroid storm: analysis of a national administrative database. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):470.
Yang Y, Hwang S, Kim M, Lim Y, Kim M-H, Lee S, et al. Refractory Graves' disease successfully cured by adjunctive cholestyramine and subsequent total thyroidectomy. Endocrinology and metabolism. 2015;30(4):620-5.
Angell TE, Lechner MG, Nguyen CT, Salvato VL, Nicoloff JT, LoPresti JS. Clinical features and hospital outcomes in thyroid storm: a retrospective cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(2):451-9.
Akamizu T, Satoh T, Isozaki O, Suzuki A, Wakino S, Iburi T, et al. Diagnostic criteria, clinical features, and incidence of thyroid storm based on nationwide surveys. Thyroid. 2012;22(7):661-79.
Trzepacz PT, Klein I, Roberts M, Greenhouse J, Levey GS. Graves' disease: an analysis of thyroid hormone levels and hyperthyroid signs and symptoms. Am J Med. 1989;87(5):558-61.
Kidd GS, Glass AR, Vigersky RA. The hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in thyrotoxicosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1979;48(5):798-802.
Krassas GE, Pontikides N, Kaltsas T, Papadopoulou P, Batrinos M. Menstrual disturbances in thyrotoxicosis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1994;40(5):641-4.
Boelaert K, Torlinska B, Holder RL, Franklyn JA. Older subjects with hyperthyroidism present with a paucity of symptoms and signs: a large cross-sectional study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(6):2715-26.
Trivalle C, Doucet J, Chassagne P, Landrin I, Kadri N, Menard JF, et al. Differences in the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism in older and younger patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996;44(1):50-3.
Rana P, Alba Aponte P, Babar G. An Adolescent Female with Bipolar Disorder Presenting with Lithium-Induced Hyperthyroidism. Case Rep Endocrinol. 2020;2020:1283464.
Daniels GH, Vladic A, Brinar V, Zavalishin I, Valente W, Oyuela P, et al. Alemtuzumab-related thyroid dysfunction in a phase 2 trial of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(1):80-9.
Batcher EL, Tang XC, Singh BN, Singh SN, Reda DJ, Hershman JM. Thyroid function abnormalities during amiodarone therapy for persistent atrial fibrillation. Am J Med. 2007;120(10):880-5.
Satoh M, Aso K, Nakayama T, Saji T. Effect of treatment with epoprostenol and endothelin receptor antagonists on the development of thyrotoxicosis in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Endocr J. 2017;64(12):1173-80.
Dabon-Almirante CLM, Surks MI. CLINICAL AND LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF THYROTOXICOSIS. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. 1998;27(1):25-35.
Brooks MH, Waldstein SS. Free thyroxine concentrations in thyroid storm. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93(5):694-7.
Feely J, Forrest A, Gunn A, Hamilton W, Stevenson I, Crooks J. Propranolol dosage in thyrotoxicosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1980;51(3):658-61.
Bourcier S, Coutrot M, Kimmoun A, Sonneville R, de Montmollin E, Persichini R, et al. Thyroid Storm in the ICU: A Retrospective Multicenter Study. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(1):83-90.
Vora NM, Fedok F, Stack BC, Jr. Report of a rare case of trauma-induced thyroid storm. Ear Nose Throat J. 2002;81(8):570-2, 4.
Swee du S, Chng CL, Lim A. Clinical characteristics and outcome of thyroid storm: a case series and review of neuropsychiatric derangements in thyrotoxicosis. Endocr Pract. 2015;21(2):182-9.
Rivas AM, Larumbe E, Thavaraputta S, Juarez E, Adiga A, Lado-Abeal J. Unfavorable Socioeconomic Factors Underlie High Rates of Hospitalization for Complicated Thyrotoxicosis in Some Regions of the United States. Thyroid. 2019;29(1):27-35.
Akamizu T. Thyroid Storm: A Japanese Perspective. Thyroid. 2018;28(1):32-40.
Anjo D, Maia J, Carvalho AC, Castro H, Aragão I, Vieira AP, et al. Thyroid storm and arrhythmic storm: a potentially fatal combination. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31(9):1418.e3-5.
Martinez-Diaz GJ, Formaker C, Hsia R. Atrial fibrillation from thyroid storm. J Emerg Med. 2012;42(1):e7-9.
Heeringa J, Hoogendoorn EH, van der Deure WM, Hofman A, Peeters RP, Hop WC, et al. High-normal thyroid function and risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam study. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(20):2219-24.
Isozaki O, Satoh T, Wakino S, Suzuki A, Iburi T, Tsuboi K, et al. Treatment and management of thyroid storm: analysis of the nationwide surveys: The taskforce committee of the Japan Thyroid Association and Japan Endocrine Society for the establishment of diagnostic criteria and nationwide surveys for thyroid storm. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2016;84(6):912-8.
Dalan R, Leow MK. Cardiovascular collapse associated with beta blockade in thyroid storm. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2007;115(6):392-6.
Herzallah ZN, Gupta S, Abdulhamid MD, Muhammed Noori OQ. Esmolol Is Not the Solution: Thyroid Storm With Atrial Fibrillation. Cureus. 2023;15(2):e35201.
Subahi A, Ibrahim W, Abugroun A. Diltiazem-Associated Cardiogenic Shock in Thyrotoxic Crisis. Am J Ther. 2018;25(6):e666-e9.
Senda A, Endo A, Tachimori H, Fushimi K, Otomo Y. Early administration of glucocorticoid for thyroid storm: analysis of a national administrative database. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):470.
Yang Y, Hwang S, Kim M, Lim Y, Kim M-H, Lee S, et al. Refractory Graves' disease successfully cured by adjunctive cholestyramine and subsequent total thyroidectomy. Endocrinology and metabolism. 2015;30(4):620-5.
Volume
Pages
217-228
Published
May 3, 2024
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1.
Şirin İ. Hipertiroidi İlişkili Aciller. In: Akman C, Karcıoğlu Ö, editors. Dahili Aciller [Internet]. Türkiye: Academician Publishing Book DOI Portal; 2024 [cited 2026 Jul. 13]. pp. 217-28. Available from: https://omp35.books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/book/3074/chapter/13172
