Pulmoner Tromboembolizm
Synopsis
Pulmoner emboli, sık görülen, mortalite ve morbiditesi yüksek bir hastalıktır. Semptom çeşitliliği fazla olduğu için genellikle hastalar yanlış tanı alabilmektedirler. Pulmoner embolinin tanısal yaklaşımında klinik olasılık hesaplanarak D-dimer testi, BTPA gibi testler kullanılmaktadır. Antikoagülan ve trombolitik tedavileri ise doğru hastada doğru dozda başlanması önem arz etmektedir.
References
Clark AC, Xue J, Sharma A. Pulmonary embolism: epidemiology, patient presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Journal of Radiology Nursing, 2019;38(2), 112-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jradnu.2019.01.006
Bĕlohlávek J, Dytrych V, Linhart A. Pulmonary embolism, part I: Epidemiology, risk factors and risk stratification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism. Exp Clin Cardiol. 2013;18(2): 129-138.
Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Eur Heart J. 2020;41(4): 543-603. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz405
Arseven O. Pulmoner tromboembolizm tanı ve tedavi uzlaşı raporu. Ankara: Optimus Yayıncılık; 2021.
Turetz M, Sideris AT, Friedman OA, Triphathi N, Horowitz JM. Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Natural History of Pulmonary Embolism. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2018;35(2): 92-98. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1642036
İpekci A. PULMONER EMBOLİ 2019. Phnx Med J.. 2019; 1(1): 51-63.
Andrew C. C, Jingbing X, Ashwani S. Pulmonary Embolism: Epidemiology, Patient Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Journal of Radiology Nursing. 2019;38: 112-118. doi:10.1016/j.jradnu.2019.01.006.
Uresandi F, Blanquer J, Conget F, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of pulmonary embolism. Arch Bronconeumol. 2004;40: 580-94. doi:10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60379-0.
Kelly J, Rudd A, Lewis RR, et al. Plasma D-dimers in the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(7): 747-756. doi:10.1001/archinte.162.7.747
Geersing GJ, Erkens PM, Lucassen WA, et al. Safe exclusion of pulmonary embolism using the Wells rule and qualitative D-dimer testing in primary care: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2012;345: e6564. doi:10.1136/bmj.e6564.
Söhne M, Ten Wolde M, Boomsma F, et al. Brain natriuretic peptide in hemodynamically stable acute pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4(3): 552-556. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01752.x
Konstantinides S. Clinical practice. Acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(26): 2804-2813. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp0804570
Elliott CG, Goldhaber SZ, Visani L, et al. Chest radiographs in acute pulmonary embolism. Results from the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry. Chest. 2000;118(1): 33-38. doi:10.1378/chest.118.1.33
Stein PD, Fowler SE, Goodman LR, et al. Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(22): 2317-2327. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa052367
Merten GJ, Burgess WP, Gray LV, et al. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;291(19): 2328-2334. doi:10.1001/jama.291.19.2328
Mattsson S, Johansson L, Leide Svegborn S, et al. Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals: a Compendium of Current Information Related to Frequently Used Substances. Ann ICRP. 2015;44(2 Suppl): 7-321. doi:10.1177/0146645314558019
Bajc M, Schümichen C, Grüning T, et al. EANM guideline for ventilation/perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and beyond. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46(12): 2429-2451. doi:10.1007/s00259-019-04450-0
Sostman HD, Stein PD, Gottschalk A, et al. Acute pulmonary embolism: sensitivity and specificity of ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy in PIOPED II study. Radiology. 2008;246(3): 941-946. doi:10.1148/radiol.2463070270
Pruszczyk P, Torbicki A, Kuch-Wocial A, et al. Diagnostic value of transoesophageal echocardiography in suspected haemodynamically significant pulmonary embolism. Heart. 2001;85(6): 628-634. doi:10.1136/heart.85.6.628
Kearon C, Kahn SR, Agnelli G, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest. 2008;133(6 Suppl): 454S-545S. doi:10.1378/chest.08-0658
Dong B, Jirong Y, Liu G, et al. Thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(2): CD004437. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004437.pub2
Bĕlohlávek J, Dytrych V, Linhart A. Pulmonary embolism, part I: Epidemiology, risk factors and risk stratification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism. Exp Clin Cardiol. 2013;18(2): 129-138.
Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Eur Heart J. 2020;41(4): 543-603. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz405
Arseven O. Pulmoner tromboembolizm tanı ve tedavi uzlaşı raporu. Ankara: Optimus Yayıncılık; 2021.
Turetz M, Sideris AT, Friedman OA, Triphathi N, Horowitz JM. Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Natural History of Pulmonary Embolism. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2018;35(2): 92-98. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1642036
İpekci A. PULMONER EMBOLİ 2019. Phnx Med J.. 2019; 1(1): 51-63.
Andrew C. C, Jingbing X, Ashwani S. Pulmonary Embolism: Epidemiology, Patient Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Journal of Radiology Nursing. 2019;38: 112-118. doi:10.1016/j.jradnu.2019.01.006.
Uresandi F, Blanquer J, Conget F, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of pulmonary embolism. Arch Bronconeumol. 2004;40: 580-94. doi:10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60379-0.
Kelly J, Rudd A, Lewis RR, et al. Plasma D-dimers in the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(7): 747-756. doi:10.1001/archinte.162.7.747
Geersing GJ, Erkens PM, Lucassen WA, et al. Safe exclusion of pulmonary embolism using the Wells rule and qualitative D-dimer testing in primary care: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2012;345: e6564. doi:10.1136/bmj.e6564.
Söhne M, Ten Wolde M, Boomsma F, et al. Brain natriuretic peptide in hemodynamically stable acute pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4(3): 552-556. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01752.x
Konstantinides S. Clinical practice. Acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(26): 2804-2813. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp0804570
Elliott CG, Goldhaber SZ, Visani L, et al. Chest radiographs in acute pulmonary embolism. Results from the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry. Chest. 2000;118(1): 33-38. doi:10.1378/chest.118.1.33
Stein PD, Fowler SE, Goodman LR, et al. Multidetector computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(22): 2317-2327. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa052367
Merten GJ, Burgess WP, Gray LV, et al. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;291(19): 2328-2334. doi:10.1001/jama.291.19.2328
Mattsson S, Johansson L, Leide Svegborn S, et al. Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals: a Compendium of Current Information Related to Frequently Used Substances. Ann ICRP. 2015;44(2 Suppl): 7-321. doi:10.1177/0146645314558019
Bajc M, Schümichen C, Grüning T, et al. EANM guideline for ventilation/perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and beyond. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46(12): 2429-2451. doi:10.1007/s00259-019-04450-0
Sostman HD, Stein PD, Gottschalk A, et al. Acute pulmonary embolism: sensitivity and specificity of ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy in PIOPED II study. Radiology. 2008;246(3): 941-946. doi:10.1148/radiol.2463070270
Pruszczyk P, Torbicki A, Kuch-Wocial A, et al. Diagnostic value of transoesophageal echocardiography in suspected haemodynamically significant pulmonary embolism. Heart. 2001;85(6): 628-634. doi:10.1136/heart.85.6.628
Kearon C, Kahn SR, Agnelli G, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest. 2008;133(6 Suppl): 454S-545S. doi:10.1378/chest.08-0658
Dong B, Jirong Y, Liu G, et al. Thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(2): CD004437. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004437.pub2
Volume
Pages
117-128
Published
May 3, 2024
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1.
Kemancı A, Çavar O. Pulmoner Tromboembolizm. In: Akman C, Karcıoğlu Ö, editors. Dahili Aciller [Internet]. Türkiye: Academician Publishing Book DOI Portal; 2024 [cited 2026 Jul. 13]. pp. 117-28. Available from: https://omp35.books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/book/3074/chapter/13164
