Radyasyon ve İnfertilite
Synopsis
Radyasyonun giderek artan kullanımı, insan sağlığı için riskoluşturmaktadır . Bu riskleri azaltabilmek için radyasyonun etkilerini öğrenmek ve bu bilgiler doğrultusunda korunmak gerekmektedir. Bazı kanserlerin tedavisinde olumlu sonuçlar alınmakla beraber, tedavi sırasında normal dokular da radyasyondan etkilenebilmektedir. Bu hastalara uygulanabilen radyasyon dozu, normal dokularda gelişebilecek komplikasyonlardan dolayı sınırlandırılabilir. Radyasyon ve antikanser ajanların meydana getirdiği gonadotoksinlerden dolayı uzamış azospermi meydana gelebilmektedir ve bu durum bazen kalıcı da olabilmekte ve buda steriliteye yol açabilmektedir. Radyasyon, yüksek oranda ROS üreterek testislerde apoptozise neden olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla yüksek ROS oluşumu infertilite,sperm parametreleri üzerinde olumsuz etki ve spermlerde apoptozise neden olmaktadır.
The increasing use of radiation poses a risk to human health. In order to reduce these risks, it is necessary to learn the effects of radiation and be protected in line with this information. Although positive results are obtained in the treatment of some cancers, normal tissues can also be affected by radiation during treatment. The radiation dose that can be applied to these patients may be limited due to complications that may develop in normal tissues. Prolonged azoospermia may occur due to gonadotoxins produced by radiation and anticancer agents, and this condition may sometimes be permanent, leading to sterility. Radiation causes apoptosis in the testicles by producing high levels of ROS. Therefore, high ROS formation causes infertility, negative effects on sperm parameters and apoptosis in sperm.
References
Özalpan A. Temel Radyobiyoloji. 1. Basım. İstanbul: Haliç Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2001: 1-218.
Steel GG. The Significance of Radiobiology for Radiotheraphy. In; Steel GG (Ed.). Basic Clinical Radiobiology. New York: Co-published in the USA by Oxford University Pres; 1997: p.1-7.
Robbins MEC, Zhao W. Chronic oxidative stress and radiation late normal tissue injury: a review. Int J Radiat Biol 2004; 80(4): 251-9.
Monobe M, Hino M, Sumi M, Uzawa A, Hirayama R, Ando K et al. Protective effect of melatonin on γ-ray induced intestinal damage. Int J Radiat Biol 2005; 81(11): 855-60.
Schally AV, Paz-Bouza JI, Schlosser JV, Karashima T, Debeljuk L, Gandle B et al. Protective effects of analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone against x-irradiationinduced testicular damage in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1987; 84: 851-55.
Shetty G, Meistrich ML. Hormonal approaches to preservation and restoration of male fertility after cancer treatment. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2005; 34: 36-9.
Jagetia GC, Jyothi P, Krishnamurthy H. Effect of vindesine sulfate on the radiationinduced alterations in mouse spermatogenesis: a flow cytometric evaluation. Mutat Res 1998; 398: 163-74.
Simon B, Lee SJ, Partridge AH, Runowicz CD. Preserving fertility after cancer. CA CancerJClin2005; 55: 211-28.90
Koksal IT, Usta M, Orhan I, Abbasoglu S, Kadioglu A. Potential role of reactive oxygen species on testicular pathology associated with infertility. Asian J Androl 2003; 5: 95-9.
Agarwal A. Role of antioxidants in treatment of male infertility: an overview of the literature. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 8(6): 616-27.
Murley JS, Kataoka Y, Weydert CJ, Oberley LW, Grdina DJ. Delayed radioprotection by nuclear transcription factor KB-mediated induction of manganese superoxide dismutase in human microvascular endothelial cells after exposure to the free radical scavenger WR1065. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40: 1004-16.
Vicari E, Calogero AE. Effects off treatment with carnitines in infertile patients with prostato-vesiculo-epididymitis. Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 2338-42.
Karakoyun Çelik Ö, Aras A, Tuğan D, Hekimgil M, Yalman D, Esassolak M et al. Sıçan germ hücrelerinde radyasyona bağlı apoptoz ve amifostin ile ilişkisi. T Klin Tıp Bilimleri 2004; 24: 142-6.
Shetty G, Weng CC, Bolden-Tiller OU, Huhtaniemi I, Handelsman DJ, Meistrich ML. Effects of medroxyprogesterone and estradiol on the recovery of spermatogenesis in irradiated rats. Endocrinology 2004;145: 4461-9.
Bush DB. Radiation and chemotherapy injury: Pathophysilogy, diagnosis and treatment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 1993; 15: 49-89.
Jégou B, Pineau C, Velez de la Calle JF, Touzalin AM, Bardin CW, Cheng CY. Germ cell control of testin production is inverse to that of other Sertoli cell products. Endocrinology 1993; 132: 2557-62.
Peltola V, Parvinen M, Huhtaniemi I, Kulmala J, Ahotupa M. Comparison of effects of 0.5 and 3.0 Gy X-irradiation on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme function in rat testis and liver. J Androl 1993; 14: 267-74.
Hussein MR, Abu-Dief EE, Abou El-Ghait A, Adly MA, Abdelraheem MH. Morphological evaluation of the radioprotective effects of melatonin against x-ray-induced early and acute testis damage in Albino rats: animal model. Int J Exp Path 2006; 87: 237-50.
Trakya Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Morfoloji Anabilim Dalı Histoloji Ve Embriyoloji Bilim Dalı Doktora Programı Tez çalışması
Hahn EW, Feingold SM, Simpson L, Batata M. Recovery from aspermi induced by lowdose radiation in seminoma patients. Cancer 1982; 50: 337-40.
Johnson L, Petty CS, Neaves WB. A comparative study of daily sperm production and testicular composition in humans and rats. Biol Reprod 1980; 22(5): 1233-43.
Kumar M, Sharma MK, Saxena PS, Kumar A. Radioprotective effect of Panax ginseng on the phosphatases and lipid peroxidation level in testes of Swiss albino mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26: 308-12.
Sharma RK, Agarwal A. Role of reactive oxygen species in male infertility. Urology 1996; 48: 835-50.
Agarwal A, Said TM. Role of sperm chromatin abnormalities and DNA damage in male infertility. Hum Reprod Update 2003; 9: 331-45.
