Geriatrik Bireylerde Fiziksel Aktivite
Synopsis
Dünya nüfusunun hızla yaşlanmasıyla beraber yaşlı bireylerin düzenli olarak fiziksel aktivite, aerobik, direnç eğitimi gibi egzersizler ile fonksiyonel bağımsızlığının korunması ve geliştirilmesi açısından son derece önemlidir. Yaşlanma süreci karmaşık bir süreçtir. Yaşlanma ile beraber işlevsellik yaşam kalitesi, hastanelere yatış ve ölüm dahi birçok konuda olumsuzluklar yaşanmaktadır. Düzenli yapılan fiziksel aktivite kardiyovasküler hastalık, diyabet, metabolik hastalıklar ve kronik hastalıkların öncelenmesinde son derece önemlidir. Yaşlanma ile beraber fiziksel aktivite seviyeleri giderek azalır. Geriatrik bireyler boş vakitleri genel olarak oturma ve daha fazla hareketsiz geçirme eğilimindedirler. Daha fazla oturmak veya hareketsiz kalmak birçok olumsuz yönleri olduğu üzerine kanıtlar mevcuttur, özellikle mortalite, kardiyovasküler hastalılar, metabolik hastalıklar ve diyabet gelişimi üzerinde olumsuz etkileri mevcuttur.
References
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Fernández-Argüelles, E.L., et al., Effects of dancing on the risk of falling related factors of healthy older adults: a systematic review. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 2015. 60(1): p. 1-8.
Owino, V., S.Y. Yang, and G. Goldspink, Age-related loss of skeletal muscle function and the inability to express the autocrine form of insulin-like growth factor-1 (MGF) in response to mechanical overload. FEBS letters, 2001. 505(2): p. 259-263.
Gillespie, L., et al., e., Cumming, RG, & Rowe, BH (2003). Interventions for preventing falls in elderly people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2003. 4.
Thomas, E., et al., Physical activity programs for balance and fall prevention in elderly: A systematic review. Medicine, 2019. 98(27).
Angulo, J. and M. El Assar, álvarez-Bustos A, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Physical activity and exercise: strategies to manage frailty. Redox Biol, 2020. 35: p. 101513.
Kehler, D.S. and O. Theou, The impact of physical activity and sedentary behaviors on frailty levels. Mechanisms of ageing and development, 2019. 180: p. 29-41.
Biswas, A., et al., Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of internal medicine, 2015. 162(2): p. 123-132.
Colley, R.C., et al., Physical activity of Canadian adults: accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey. Health reports, 2011. 22(1): p. 7.
Ciumărnean, L., et al., Cardiovascular risk factors and physical activity for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021. 19(1): p. 207.
Lachman, S., et al., Impact of physical activity on the risk of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older adults: EPIC Norfolk prospective population study. European journal of preventive cardiology, 2018. 25(2): p. 200-208.
Clemson, L., et al., Integration of balance and strength training into daily life activity to reduce rate of falls in older people (the LiFE study): randomised parallel trial. Bmj, 2012. 345.
Izquierdo, M., et al., International exercise recommendations in older adults (ICFSR): expert consensus guidelines. The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2021. 25(7): p. 824-853.
Sherwood, N.E. and R.W. Jeffery, The behavioral determinants of exercise: implications for physical activity interventions. Annual review of nutrition, 2000. 20(1): p. 21-44.
Marteau, T.M., H. Rutter, and M. Marmot, Changing behaviour: an essential component of tackling health inequalities. Bmj, 2021. 372.
Orr, R., et al., Power training improves balance in healthy older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 2006. 61(1): p. 78-85.
Mavros, Y., et al., Mediation of cognitive function improvements by strength gains after resistance training in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: outcomes of the study of mental and resistance training. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2017. 65(3): p. 550-559.
Pedersen, B.K. and B. Saltin, Exercise as medicine–evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2015. 25: p. 1-72.
Izquierdo, M., J.E. Morley, and A. Lucia, Exercise in people over 85. 2020, British Medical Journal Publishing Group.
Blair, S.N., Y. Cheng, and J.S. Holder, Is physical activity or physical fitness more important in defining health benefits? Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2001. 33(6): p. S379-S399.
Hepple, R., et al., Quantitating the capillary supply and the response to resistance training in older men. Pflügers Archiv, 1996. 433: p. 238-244.
Cadore, E.L., et al., Effects of different exercise interventions on risk of falls, gait ability, and balance in physically frail older adults: a systematic review. Rejuvenation research, 2013. 16(2): p. 105-114.
Hannan, A.L., et al., High-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training within cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open access journal of sports medicine, 2018: p. 1-17.
Sherrington, C., et al., Exercise to prevent falls in older adults: an updated meta-analysis and best practice recommendations. New South Wales public health bulletin, 2011. 22(4): p. 78-83.
Fiatarone, M.A., et al., High-intensity strength training in nonagenarians: effects on skeletal muscle. Jama, 1990. 263(22): p. 3029-3034.
Borg, G.A. and B.J. Noble, Perceived exertion. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 1974. 2(1): p. 131-154.
Evans, W.J. and J. Lexell, Human aging, muscle mass, and fiber type composition. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 1995. 50(Special_Issue): p. 11-16.
Bassey, E.J., et al., Leg extensor power and functional performance in very old men and women. Clinical science (London, England: 1979), 1992. 82(3): p. 321-327.
Cadore, E.L. and M. Izquierdo, Muscle power training: a hallmark for muscle function retaining in frail clinical setting. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2018. 19(3): p. 190-192.
Morley, J.E., et al., Nutritional recommendations for the management of sarcopenia. Journal of the american Medical Directors association, 2010. 11(6): p. 391-396.
Fragala, M.S., et al., Resistance training for older adults: position statement from the national strength and conditioning association. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2019. 33(8).
Villareal, D.T., et al., Regular multicomponent exercise increases physical fitness and muscle protein anabolism in frail, obese, older adults. Obesity, 2011. 19(2): p. 312-318.
Rhodes, R.E., et al., Factors associated with participation in resistance training: a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2017. 51(20): p. 1466-1472.
Zhu, X. and H. Zheng, Factors influencing peak bone mass gain. Frontiers of medicine, 2021. 15: p. 53-69.
Goolsby, M.A. and N. Boniquit, Bone health in athletes: the role of exercise, nutrition, and hormones. Sports health, 2017. 9(2): p. 108-117.
Vainionpää, A., et al., Effects of high-impact exercise on bone mineral density: a randomized controlled trial in premenopausal women. Osteoporosis international, 2005. 16: p. 191-197.
Kohrt, W.M., A.A. Ehsani, and S.J. Birge JR, Effects of exercise involving predominantly either joint‐reaction or ground‐reaction forces on bone mineral density in older women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 1997. 12(8): p. 1253-1261.
Kerr, D., et al., Resistance training over 2 years increases bone mass in calcium‐replete postmenopausal women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2001. 16(1): p. 175-181.
Fernández-Argüelles, E.L., et al., Effects of dancing on the risk of falling related factors of healthy older adults: a systematic review. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 2015. 60(1): p. 1-8.
Owino, V., S.Y. Yang, and G. Goldspink, Age-related loss of skeletal muscle function and the inability to express the autocrine form of insulin-like growth factor-1 (MGF) in response to mechanical overload. FEBS letters, 2001. 505(2): p. 259-263.
Gillespie, L., et al., e., Cumming, RG, & Rowe, BH (2003). Interventions for preventing falls in elderly people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2003. 4.
Thomas, E., et al., Physical activity programs for balance and fall prevention in elderly: A systematic review. Medicine, 2019. 98(27).
Angulo, J. and M. El Assar, álvarez-Bustos A, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Physical activity and exercise: strategies to manage frailty. Redox Biol, 2020. 35: p. 101513.
Kehler, D.S. and O. Theou, The impact of physical activity and sedentary behaviors on frailty levels. Mechanisms of ageing and development, 2019. 180: p. 29-41.
Biswas, A., et al., Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of internal medicine, 2015. 162(2): p. 123-132.
Colley, R.C., et al., Physical activity of Canadian adults: accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey. Health reports, 2011. 22(1): p. 7.
Ciumărnean, L., et al., Cardiovascular risk factors and physical activity for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021. 19(1): p. 207.
Lachman, S., et al., Impact of physical activity on the risk of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older adults: EPIC Norfolk prospective population study. European journal of preventive cardiology, 2018. 25(2): p. 200-208.
Clemson, L., et al., Integration of balance and strength training into daily life activity to reduce rate of falls in older people (the LiFE study): randomised parallel trial. Bmj, 2012. 345.
Izquierdo, M., et al., International exercise recommendations in older adults (ICFSR): expert consensus guidelines. The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2021. 25(7): p. 824-853.
Sherwood, N.E. and R.W. Jeffery, The behavioral determinants of exercise: implications for physical activity interventions. Annual review of nutrition, 2000. 20(1): p. 21-44.
Marteau, T.M., H. Rutter, and M. Marmot, Changing behaviour: an essential component of tackling health inequalities. Bmj, 2021. 372.
Orr, R., et al., Power training improves balance in healthy older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 2006. 61(1): p. 78-85.
Mavros, Y., et al., Mediation of cognitive function improvements by strength gains after resistance training in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: outcomes of the study of mental and resistance training. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2017. 65(3): p. 550-559.
Pedersen, B.K. and B. Saltin, Exercise as medicine–evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2015. 25: p. 1-72.
Izquierdo, M., J.E. Morley, and A. Lucia, Exercise in people over 85. 2020, British Medical Journal Publishing Group.
Blair, S.N., Y. Cheng, and J.S. Holder, Is physical activity or physical fitness more important in defining health benefits? Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2001. 33(6): p. S379-S399.
Hepple, R., et al., Quantitating the capillary supply and the response to resistance training in older men. Pflügers Archiv, 1996. 433: p. 238-244.
Cadore, E.L., et al., Effects of different exercise interventions on risk of falls, gait ability, and balance in physically frail older adults: a systematic review. Rejuvenation research, 2013. 16(2): p. 105-114.
Hannan, A.L., et al., High-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training within cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open access journal of sports medicine, 2018: p. 1-17.
Sherrington, C., et al., Exercise to prevent falls in older adults: an updated meta-analysis and best practice recommendations. New South Wales public health bulletin, 2011. 22(4): p. 78-83.
Fiatarone, M.A., et al., High-intensity strength training in nonagenarians: effects on skeletal muscle. Jama, 1990. 263(22): p. 3029-3034.
Borg, G.A. and B.J. Noble, Perceived exertion. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 1974. 2(1): p. 131-154.
Evans, W.J. and J. Lexell, Human aging, muscle mass, and fiber type composition. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 1995. 50(Special_Issue): p. 11-16.
Bassey, E.J., et al., Leg extensor power and functional performance in very old men and women. Clinical science (London, England: 1979), 1992. 82(3): p. 321-327.
Cadore, E.L. and M. Izquierdo, Muscle power training: a hallmark for muscle function retaining in frail clinical setting. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2018. 19(3): p. 190-192.
Morley, J.E., et al., Nutritional recommendations for the management of sarcopenia. Journal of the american Medical Directors association, 2010. 11(6): p. 391-396.
Fragala, M.S., et al., Resistance training for older adults: position statement from the national strength and conditioning association. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2019. 33(8).
Villareal, D.T., et al., Regular multicomponent exercise increases physical fitness and muscle protein anabolism in frail, obese, older adults. Obesity, 2011. 19(2): p. 312-318.
Rhodes, R.E., et al., Factors associated with participation in resistance training: a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2017. 51(20): p. 1466-1472.
Zhu, X. and H. Zheng, Factors influencing peak bone mass gain. Frontiers of medicine, 2021. 15: p. 53-69.
Goolsby, M.A. and N. Boniquit, Bone health in athletes: the role of exercise, nutrition, and hormones. Sports health, 2017. 9(2): p. 108-117.
Vainionpää, A., et al., Effects of high-impact exercise on bone mineral density: a randomized controlled trial in premenopausal women. Osteoporosis international, 2005. 16: p. 191-197.
Kohrt, W.M., A.A. Ehsani, and S.J. Birge JR, Effects of exercise involving predominantly either joint‐reaction or ground‐reaction forces on bone mineral density in older women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 1997. 12(8): p. 1253-1261.
Kerr, D., et al., Resistance training over 2 years increases bone mass in calcium‐replete postmenopausal women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2001. 16(1): p. 175-181.
Volume
Pages
35-46
Published
September 29, 2023
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Fırat MÖ. Geriatrik Bireylerde Fiziksel Aktivite. In: Dege G, Yıldırım MS, editors. Beslenme ve Hemşirelik [Internet]. Türkiye: Academician Publishing Book DOI Portal; 2023 [cited 2026 Jul. 15]. pp. 35-46. Available from: https://omp35.books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/book/2738/chapter/13014
