Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Görülen Ruh Sağlığı Problemlerinden Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu ve Psikososyal Hemşirelik
Synopsis
Dikkat, konsantrasyon, hareketlilik ve dürtü kontrolü alanlarındaki problemlerle kendini gösteren Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB), çocukluk ve ergenlik çağının en sık görülen ruhsal sorunlarındandır. DEHB tanılı çocuk ve ergenler çevresindeki bireylerle ilişkilerinde, dil ve anlama süreçlerinde, problem çözme becerilerinde, akademik alanda, duygularını ifade etmede sorunlar yaşamaktadır. Bu çocuk ve ergenlere farmakolojik tedavinin yanı çeşitli psiko-sosyal müdahalelerin gerçekleştirilmesi önerilmektedir. Ruh sağlığı ve hastalıkları hemşiresi bu çocukları ve ailelerini desteklemek için; gerekli bilgilendirmeleri yapmalı, farmakolojik, non-farmakolojik tedavi ve terapi programlarını yürütmelidir.
References
Zuhal Uyan A, Gülsen Ceyhun Peker A, Selda Tekiner A, Ulukol B, Hekimliği Uzmanı Gölpazarı Devlet Hastanesi Gölpazarı-Bilecik A, Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Aile Hekimliği Ankara AA, et al. Ergenlerde Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Sıklığının Araştırılması Investigation of Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Adolescents. Konuralp Tıp Derg. 2014;6(3):21–6.
Köroğlu E, editor. Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği. Mental bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı, dördüncü baskı(DSM-IV). Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği; 2000.
Sharma A, Couture J. A review of the pathophysiology, etiology, and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Ann Pharmacother. 2014 Feb;48(2):209–25.
Şenol S. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu. Köroğlu E, Güleç C (ed). Psikiyatri Temel Kitabı, 2. Baskı. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği, 2007: 822-837.
Spetie L, Arnold LE. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Martin A, Volkmar FR (ed). Lewis’s Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Textbook. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2007: 623-645.
Mukkaddes NM. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu tarihçesi ve epidemiyolojik incelemeler. Ege Psikiyatri Sürekli Yayınları 1998; 3: 393-398.
Faraone SV, Biederman J, Weiffenbach B ve ark. Dopamine D4 gene 7-repeat allele and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156(5): 768-770.
Biederman J, Faraone SV, Keenan K ve ark. Further evidence for family-genetic risk factors in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Patterns of comorbidity in probands and relatives psychiatrically and pediatrically referred samples. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49 (9): 728–738.
Palmer, E., & Finger, S. (2001). An Early Description of ADHD (Inattentive Subtype): Dr Alexander Crichton and ‘Mental Restlessness’ (1798). Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review, 6(2), 66-73.
Lange K.W, Reichl S, Lange K.M, Tucha L &Tucha O. (2010). The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord.2(4):241-55.
Sargın, E. (2009). Dikkat Eksikliği Ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocuklarda Serum Bdnf Düzeylerinin Araştırılması.Uzmanlık tezi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Çocuk ve Ruh Sağlığı Ana bilim dalı. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp sayfasında erişilmiştir. (Tez Numarası 243080).
Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (2014). Ruhsal bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı: Beşinci baskı (DSM-5) , tanı ölçütleri başvuru elkitabı. (Çev. Ed. E. Köroğlu , çev.). Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği.
Pliszka S, Issues AWGoQ. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007;46:894-921.
Rowland AS, Lesesne CA, Abramowitz AJ. The epidemiology of attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a public health view. Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews. 2002;8:162-170.
Polanczyk GV, Salum GA, Sugaya LS, Caye A, Rohde LA. Annual Research Review: A meta‐analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2015;56:345-365
Thapar A, Cooper M. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet (London, England). 2015.
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescent with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007; 46(7): 894-921.
Maria Skounti. Variations in prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder worldwide. Eur J Pediatr 2007; 166: 117–123.
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescent with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007; 46(7): 894-921.
Maria Skounti. Variations in prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder worldwide. Eur J Pediatr 2007; 166: 117–123.
Biederman J, Mick E, Faraone SV, Braaten E, Doyle A, Spencer T, Wilens TE, Frazier E, Johnson MA. Influence of gender on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children referred to a psychiatric clinic. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002;159:36 42.
Biederman J, Kwon A, Aleardi M, Chouinard VA, Marino T, Cole H, Mick E, Faraone SV. Absence of gender effects on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: findings in nonreferred subjects. The American journal of psychiatry. 2005;162:1083-1089.
Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(6):942-948. doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.6.942.
Öncü B, Şenol S. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğunun etiyolojisi: Bütüncül yaklaşım. Klinik Psikiyatri 2002; 2002(5): 111-9.
Thapar A, Cooper M.(2016). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet. 19;387(10024):1240-50.
Thapar A, Harrington R, Ross K, McGuffin P. Does the definition of ADHD affect heritability? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2000;39:1528-1536.
Biederman J, Faraone SV, Keenan K, Benjamin J, Krifcher B, Moore C, Sprich Buckminster S, Ugaglia K, Jellinek MS, Steingard R, et al. Further evidence for family-genetic risk factors in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Patterns of comorbidity in probands and relatives psychiatrically and pediatrically referred samples. Archives of general psychiatry. 1992;49:728-738.
Pauls DL. Genetic factors in the expression of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology. 1991;1:353-360.
Welner Z, Welner A, Stewart M, Palkes H, Wish E. A controlled study of siblings of hyperactive children. The Journal of nervous and mental disease. 1977;165:110-117.
Biederman J, Faraone SV, Mick E, Spencer T, Wilens T, Kiely K, Guite J, Ablon JS, Reed E, Warburton R. High risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children of parents with childhood onset of the disorder: a pilot study. The American journal of psychiatry. 1995;152:431-435.
Faraone SV, Biederman J. Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin North Am 1994; 3: 285-299.
Thapar A, Holmes J, Poulton K ve ark. Genetic basis of attention deficit and hyperactivity. Br J Psychiatry 1999; 174: 105-111.
Faraone SV, Perlis RH, Doyle AE ve ark. Molecular genetics of attention deficit hypeactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57: 1313-1323.
Coolidge FL, Thede LL, Young SE. Heritability and the comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with behavioral disorders and executive function deficits: A preliminary investigation. Dev Neuropsychol 2000; 17: 273–287.
Hudziak JJ, Rudiger LP, Neale MC ve ark. A twin study of inattentive, aggressive and anxious/depressed behaviors. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000; 39(4):469–476.
Martin N, Scourfield J, McGuffin P. Observer effects and heritability of childhood attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Br J Psychiatry 2002; 180:260–265.
Heilman KM, Voeller KK, Nadeau SE. A possible pathophysiologic substrate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child Neurology. 1991;6:S76-S81.
Benton A. Prefrontal injury and behavior in children. Developmental Neuropsychology. 1991;7:275-281.
LEVIN PM. Restlessness in children. Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry. 1938;39:764-770.
Mattes JA. The role of frontal lobe dysfunction in childhood hyperkinesis. Comprehensive psychiatry. 1980;21:358-369.
Fuster J. The Prefrontal Cortex: Anatomy. Physiology, and. 1997.
Grattan LM, Eslinger PJ. Frontal lobe damage in children and adults: A comparative review. Developmental Neuropsychology. 1991;7:283-326.
Faraone S, Biederman J. Neurobiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 44: 951-958.
Silva D, Colvin L, Hagemann E &Bower C.(2014). Environmental risk factors by gender associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 133(1):14-22.
Thomsen P.H, Plessen K.J, Houmann T. (2014). ADHD hos børn og voksne [ADHD in children and adults]. Ugeskr Laeger. 7;176(28).
Kayaalp L. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu. İÜ Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Etkinlikleri. Türkiye’de sık karşılaşılan psikiyatrik hastalıklar sempozyum dizisi 2008; 62: 147-52.
Cantwell DP. Hyperactive children have grown up. What have we learned about what happens to them? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985; 42(10): 1026-8.
Polanczyk G, Rohde LA. Epidemiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2007;20:386-392.
Willoughby MT. Developmental course of ADHD symptomatology during the transition from childhood to adolescence: a review with recommendations. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2003;44:88-106.
Barkley RA. Adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An overview of empirically based treatments. Journal of Psychiatric Practice®. 2004;10:39-56.
Biederman J, Mick E, Faraone SV. Age-dependent decline of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: impact of remission definition and symptom type. The American journal of psychiatry. 2000;157:816-818.
Wolraich M, Brown L, Brown RT, et al. ADHD: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2011;128(5):1007-1022.
Pliszka S, Issues AWGoQ. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007;46:894-921.
Wolraich M, Brown L, Brown RT, DuPaul G, Earls M, Feldman HM, Ganiats TG, Kaplanek B, Meyer B, Perrin J, Pierce K, Reiff M, Stein MT, Visser S. ADHD: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2011;128:1007-1022.
Timothy WE, Joseph B, Thomas SJ. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder across the lifespan. Annual Rev Med 2002; 53: 113-131.
Pliszka S. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;46(7):894-921.
Moriyama TS, Cho AJM, Verin RE, Fuentes J, Polanczyk GW. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder In Rey JM (ed), IACAPAP e-Textbook of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Geneva: International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Pr.
Göker Z, Aktepe E, Kandil S. Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocuk ve Ergenlerin Benlik Saygıları ve Yaşam Kaliteleri. Yeni Sempozyum Dergisi 2011;49(4):209-16.
Durukan İ, Erdem M, Tufan AE ve ark. DEHB Olan Çocukların Annelerinde Depresyon ve Anksiyete Düzeyleri ile Kullanılan Başa Çıkma Yöntemleri: Bir Ön Çalışma. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2008;9:217-23.
Greenhill LL, Findling RL, Swanson JM. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of modified-release methylphenidate in children with attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2002;109:E39.
Michelson D, Allen AJ, Busner J, Casat C, Dunn D, Kratochvil C, Newcorn J, Sallee FR, Sangal RB, Saylor K, West S, Kelsey D, Wernicke J, Trapp NJ, Harder D. Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. The American journal of psychiatry. 2002;159:1896-1901.
Barkley RA: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment, Guilford Publications; 2014.
Köroğlu E, editor. Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği. Mental bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı, dördüncü baskı(DSM-IV). Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği; 2000.
Sharma A, Couture J. A review of the pathophysiology, etiology, and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Ann Pharmacother. 2014 Feb;48(2):209–25.
Şenol S. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu. Köroğlu E, Güleç C (ed). Psikiyatri Temel Kitabı, 2. Baskı. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği, 2007: 822-837.
Spetie L, Arnold LE. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Martin A, Volkmar FR (ed). Lewis’s Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Textbook. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2007: 623-645.
Mukkaddes NM. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu tarihçesi ve epidemiyolojik incelemeler. Ege Psikiyatri Sürekli Yayınları 1998; 3: 393-398.
Faraone SV, Biederman J, Weiffenbach B ve ark. Dopamine D4 gene 7-repeat allele and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156(5): 768-770.
Biederman J, Faraone SV, Keenan K ve ark. Further evidence for family-genetic risk factors in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Patterns of comorbidity in probands and relatives psychiatrically and pediatrically referred samples. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49 (9): 728–738.
Palmer, E., & Finger, S. (2001). An Early Description of ADHD (Inattentive Subtype): Dr Alexander Crichton and ‘Mental Restlessness’ (1798). Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review, 6(2), 66-73.
Lange K.W, Reichl S, Lange K.M, Tucha L &Tucha O. (2010). The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord.2(4):241-55.
Sargın, E. (2009). Dikkat Eksikliği Ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocuklarda Serum Bdnf Düzeylerinin Araştırılması.Uzmanlık tezi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Çocuk ve Ruh Sağlığı Ana bilim dalı. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp sayfasında erişilmiştir. (Tez Numarası 243080).
Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (2014). Ruhsal bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı: Beşinci baskı (DSM-5) , tanı ölçütleri başvuru elkitabı. (Çev. Ed. E. Köroğlu , çev.). Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği.
Pliszka S, Issues AWGoQ. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007;46:894-921.
Rowland AS, Lesesne CA, Abramowitz AJ. The epidemiology of attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a public health view. Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews. 2002;8:162-170.
Polanczyk GV, Salum GA, Sugaya LS, Caye A, Rohde LA. Annual Research Review: A meta‐analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2015;56:345-365
Thapar A, Cooper M. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet (London, England). 2015.
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescent with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007; 46(7): 894-921.
Maria Skounti. Variations in prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder worldwide. Eur J Pediatr 2007; 166: 117–123.
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescent with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007; 46(7): 894-921.
Maria Skounti. Variations in prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder worldwide. Eur J Pediatr 2007; 166: 117–123.
Biederman J, Mick E, Faraone SV, Braaten E, Doyle A, Spencer T, Wilens TE, Frazier E, Johnson MA. Influence of gender on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children referred to a psychiatric clinic. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002;159:36 42.
Biederman J, Kwon A, Aleardi M, Chouinard VA, Marino T, Cole H, Mick E, Faraone SV. Absence of gender effects on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: findings in nonreferred subjects. The American journal of psychiatry. 2005;162:1083-1089.
Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(6):942-948. doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.6.942.
Öncü B, Şenol S. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğunun etiyolojisi: Bütüncül yaklaşım. Klinik Psikiyatri 2002; 2002(5): 111-9.
Thapar A, Cooper M.(2016). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet. 19;387(10024):1240-50.
Thapar A, Harrington R, Ross K, McGuffin P. Does the definition of ADHD affect heritability? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2000;39:1528-1536.
Biederman J, Faraone SV, Keenan K, Benjamin J, Krifcher B, Moore C, Sprich Buckminster S, Ugaglia K, Jellinek MS, Steingard R, et al. Further evidence for family-genetic risk factors in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Patterns of comorbidity in probands and relatives psychiatrically and pediatrically referred samples. Archives of general psychiatry. 1992;49:728-738.
Pauls DL. Genetic factors in the expression of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology. 1991;1:353-360.
Welner Z, Welner A, Stewart M, Palkes H, Wish E. A controlled study of siblings of hyperactive children. The Journal of nervous and mental disease. 1977;165:110-117.
Biederman J, Faraone SV, Mick E, Spencer T, Wilens T, Kiely K, Guite J, Ablon JS, Reed E, Warburton R. High risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children of parents with childhood onset of the disorder: a pilot study. The American journal of psychiatry. 1995;152:431-435.
Faraone SV, Biederman J. Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin North Am 1994; 3: 285-299.
Thapar A, Holmes J, Poulton K ve ark. Genetic basis of attention deficit and hyperactivity. Br J Psychiatry 1999; 174: 105-111.
Faraone SV, Perlis RH, Doyle AE ve ark. Molecular genetics of attention deficit hypeactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57: 1313-1323.
Coolidge FL, Thede LL, Young SE. Heritability and the comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with behavioral disorders and executive function deficits: A preliminary investigation. Dev Neuropsychol 2000; 17: 273–287.
Hudziak JJ, Rudiger LP, Neale MC ve ark. A twin study of inattentive, aggressive and anxious/depressed behaviors. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000; 39(4):469–476.
Martin N, Scourfield J, McGuffin P. Observer effects and heritability of childhood attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Br J Psychiatry 2002; 180:260–265.
Heilman KM, Voeller KK, Nadeau SE. A possible pathophysiologic substrate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child Neurology. 1991;6:S76-S81.
Benton A. Prefrontal injury and behavior in children. Developmental Neuropsychology. 1991;7:275-281.
LEVIN PM. Restlessness in children. Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry. 1938;39:764-770.
Mattes JA. The role of frontal lobe dysfunction in childhood hyperkinesis. Comprehensive psychiatry. 1980;21:358-369.
Fuster J. The Prefrontal Cortex: Anatomy. Physiology, and. 1997.
Grattan LM, Eslinger PJ. Frontal lobe damage in children and adults: A comparative review. Developmental Neuropsychology. 1991;7:283-326.
Faraone S, Biederman J. Neurobiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 44: 951-958.
Silva D, Colvin L, Hagemann E &Bower C.(2014). Environmental risk factors by gender associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 133(1):14-22.
Thomsen P.H, Plessen K.J, Houmann T. (2014). ADHD hos børn og voksne [ADHD in children and adults]. Ugeskr Laeger. 7;176(28).
Kayaalp L. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu. İÜ Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Etkinlikleri. Türkiye’de sık karşılaşılan psikiyatrik hastalıklar sempozyum dizisi 2008; 62: 147-52.
Cantwell DP. Hyperactive children have grown up. What have we learned about what happens to them? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985; 42(10): 1026-8.
Polanczyk G, Rohde LA. Epidemiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2007;20:386-392.
Willoughby MT. Developmental course of ADHD symptomatology during the transition from childhood to adolescence: a review with recommendations. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2003;44:88-106.
Barkley RA. Adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An overview of empirically based treatments. Journal of Psychiatric Practice®. 2004;10:39-56.
Biederman J, Mick E, Faraone SV. Age-dependent decline of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: impact of remission definition and symptom type. The American journal of psychiatry. 2000;157:816-818.
Wolraich M, Brown L, Brown RT, et al. ADHD: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2011;128(5):1007-1022.
Pliszka S, Issues AWGoQ. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007;46:894-921.
Wolraich M, Brown L, Brown RT, DuPaul G, Earls M, Feldman HM, Ganiats TG, Kaplanek B, Meyer B, Perrin J, Pierce K, Reiff M, Stein MT, Visser S. ADHD: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2011;128:1007-1022.
Timothy WE, Joseph B, Thomas SJ. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder across the lifespan. Annual Rev Med 2002; 53: 113-131.
Pliszka S. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;46(7):894-921.
Moriyama TS, Cho AJM, Verin RE, Fuentes J, Polanczyk GW. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder In Rey JM (ed), IACAPAP e-Textbook of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Geneva: International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Pr.
Göker Z, Aktepe E, Kandil S. Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocuk ve Ergenlerin Benlik Saygıları ve Yaşam Kaliteleri. Yeni Sempozyum Dergisi 2011;49(4):209-16.
Durukan İ, Erdem M, Tufan AE ve ark. DEHB Olan Çocukların Annelerinde Depresyon ve Anksiyete Düzeyleri ile Kullanılan Başa Çıkma Yöntemleri: Bir Ön Çalışma. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2008;9:217-23.
Greenhill LL, Findling RL, Swanson JM. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of modified-release methylphenidate in children with attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2002;109:E39.
Michelson D, Allen AJ, Busner J, Casat C, Dunn D, Kratochvil C, Newcorn J, Sallee FR, Sangal RB, Saylor K, West S, Kelsey D, Wernicke J, Trapp NJ, Harder D. Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. The American journal of psychiatry. 2002;159:1896-1901.
Barkley RA: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment, Guilford Publications; 2014.
Pages
1-12
Published
April 10, 2023
Copyright (c) 2023 Academician Book Portal
License
LicenseHow to Cite
1.
Kayaoğlu K. Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Görülen Ruh Sağlığı Problemlerinden Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu ve Psikososyal Hemşirelik. In: Eti Aslan F, editor. Güncel Hemşirelik Çalışmaları V [Internet]. Türkiye: Academician Publishing Book DOI Portal; 2023 [cited 2026 Jul. 15]. pp. 1-12. Available from: https://omp35.books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/book/2542/chapter/12867
