Obezite Rehabilitasyonu
Synopsis
Obezite, dünya genelinde büyük sosyoekonomik yük oluşturan, tıbbi ve psikososyal komorbiditeye, engelliliğe ve yaşam kalitesi düşüklüğüne neden olan kronik bir hastalıktır. Diyabet, hipertansiyon, kardiak ve endokrin hastalıklar gibi durumların yanı sıra genetik faktörler, psikolojik sorunlar, ilaçlar, düşük eğitim ve gelir düzeyi, immobilizasyona neden olan kas-iskelet sistemi hastalıkları gibi sorunlar obezite gelişiminde önemli rol oynar. Tedavide amaç; yağ kütlesinden gerçekçi bir ağırlık kaybı hedeflenerek bireye sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlığının kazandırılması, obeziteye ilişkin risk faktörlerinin ve engelliliğin önlenmesi, yaşam kalitesinin artırılması ve hedeflenen kiloya erişildiğinde kilonun korunmasının sağlanmasıdır. Tedavinin temelinde diyet, egzersiz, psikososyal destek ve davranış tedavisi olmakla birlikte, bunların yeterli olmadığı durumlarda farmakolojik ve cerrahi tedavi seçenekleri de değerlendirilebilir.
References
Frühbeck G, Toplak H, Woodward E, Yumuk V, Maislos M, Oppert JM; Executive Committee of the European Association for the Study of Obesity. Obesity: the gateway to ill health - an EASO position statement on a rising public health, clinical and scientific challenge in Europe. Obes Facts. 2013;6(2):117-20. doi: 10.1159/000350627. Epub 2013 Apr 3. PMID: 23548858; PMCID: PMC5644725.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
https://www.worldobesity.org/about/about-obesity/prevalence-of-obesity
https://ourworldindata.org/obesity
https://file.temd.org.tr/Uploads/publications/guides/documents/201905061639042019tbl_kilavuz5ccdcb9e5d.pdf?a=1
WHO European Regional Obesity Report 2022. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2022. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Cetin DC, Nasr G. Obesity in the elderly: more complicated than you think. Cleve Clin J Med. 2014 Jan;81(1):51-61. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.81a.12165. PMID: 24391107.
Nutrition and Metabolic Management Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Clinical Nutrition Branch of Chinese Nutrition Society, Chinese Diabetes Society, Chinese Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Chinese Clinical Nutritionist Center of Chinese Medical Doctor Association. Guidelines for medical nutrition treatment of overweight/obesity in China (2021). Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2022;31(3):450-482. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202209_31(3).0013. PMID: 36173217.
Han TS, Tajar A, Lean ME. Obesity and weight management in the elderly. Br Med Bull. 2011;97:169-96. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldr002. Epub 2011 Feb 16. PMID: 21325341.
Pazzianotto-Forti EM, Moreno MA, Plater E, Baruki SBS, Rasera-Junior I, Reid WD. Impact of Physical Training Programs on Physical Fitness in People With Class II and III Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Phys Ther. 2020 Jun 23;100(6):963-978. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa045. PMID: 32211862.
Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014 Aug 30;384(9945):766-81. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8. Epub 2014 May 29. Erratum in: Lancet. 2014 Aug 30;384(9945):746. PMID: 24880830; PMCID: PMC4624264.
Durrer Schutz D, Busetto L, Dicker D, et al. European Practical and Patient-Centred Guidelines for Adult Obesity Management in Primary Care. Obes Facts. 2019;12(1):40-66. doi: 10.1159/000496183. Epub 2019 Jan 23. PMID: 30673677; PMCID: PMC6465693.
Garvey WT, Mechanick JI, Brett EM, et al. Reviewers of the AACE/ACE Obesity Clinical Practice Guidelines. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR MEDICAL CARE OF PATIENTS WITH OBESITY. Endocr Pract. 2016 Jul;22 Suppl 3:1-203. doi: 10.4158/EP161365.GL. Epub 2016 May 24. PMID: 27219496.
Yumuk V, Tsigos C, Fried M, et al. Obesity Management Task Force of the European Association for the Study of Obesity. European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults. Obes Facts. 2015;8(6):402-24. doi: 10.1159/000442721. Epub 2015 Dec 5. Erratum in: Obes Facts. 2016;9(1):64. PMID: 26641646; PMCID: PMC5644856.
Birinci Basamak Sağlık Kurumları İçin Obezite ve Diyabet Klinik Rehberi. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, 1070, Ankara 2017.
Raynor HA, Champagne CM. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Interventions for the Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016 Jan;116(1):129-147. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.10.031. PMID: 26718656.
Liguori, Gary, and American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020.
Piercy KL, Troiano RP, Ballard RM, et al. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. JAMA. 2018 Nov 20;320(19):2020-2028. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.14854. PMID: 30418471; PMCID: PMC9582631.
Mezzani A, Hamm LF, Jones AM, et al. European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation; American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation. Aerobic exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiac rehabilitation: a joint position statement of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2013 Jun;20(3):442-67. doi: 10.1177/2047487312460484. Epub 2012 Oct 26. PMID: 23104970.
Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, et al. American College of Sports Medicine; American Heart Association. Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007 Aug 28;116(9):1081-93. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185649. Epub 2007 Aug 1. PMID: 17671237.
Tudor-Locke C, Bassett DR Jr. How many steps/day are enough? Preliminary pedometer indices for public health. Sports Med. 2004;34(1):1-8. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200434010-00001. PMID: 14715035.
Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J, Krieger J. How many times per week should a muscle be trained to maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the effects of resistance training frequency. J Sports Sci. 2019 Jun;37(11):1286-1295. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1555906. Epub 2018 Dec 17. PMID: 30558493.
Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, et al. American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Jul;43(7):1334-59. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb. PMID: 21694556.
Wernbom M, Augustsson J, Thomeé R. The influence of frequency, intensity, volume and mode of strength training on whole muscle cross-sectional area in humans. Sports Med. 2007;37(3):225-64. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200737030-00004. PMID: 17326698.
Gibala, Martin J., Jennifer J. Heisz, and Aimee J. Nelson. "Interval training for cardiometabolic and brain health." ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal 22.6 (2018): 30-34.
Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Skrepnik M, Davies TB, Mikulic P. Effects of Rest Interval Duration in Resistance Training on Measures of Muscular Strength: A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2018 Jan;48(1):137-151. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0788-x. PMID: 28933024.
Donnelly E, Jakicic M, Pronk NP. Is resistance exercise effective for weight management? Evid Based Prev Med. 2004;1:21–9.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
https://www.worldobesity.org/about/about-obesity/prevalence-of-obesity
https://ourworldindata.org/obesity
https://file.temd.org.tr/Uploads/publications/guides/documents/201905061639042019tbl_kilavuz5ccdcb9e5d.pdf?a=1
WHO European Regional Obesity Report 2022. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2022. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Cetin DC, Nasr G. Obesity in the elderly: more complicated than you think. Cleve Clin J Med. 2014 Jan;81(1):51-61. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.81a.12165. PMID: 24391107.
Nutrition and Metabolic Management Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Clinical Nutrition Branch of Chinese Nutrition Society, Chinese Diabetes Society, Chinese Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Chinese Clinical Nutritionist Center of Chinese Medical Doctor Association. Guidelines for medical nutrition treatment of overweight/obesity in China (2021). Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2022;31(3):450-482. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202209_31(3).0013. PMID: 36173217.
Han TS, Tajar A, Lean ME. Obesity and weight management in the elderly. Br Med Bull. 2011;97:169-96. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldr002. Epub 2011 Feb 16. PMID: 21325341.
Pazzianotto-Forti EM, Moreno MA, Plater E, Baruki SBS, Rasera-Junior I, Reid WD. Impact of Physical Training Programs on Physical Fitness in People With Class II and III Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Phys Ther. 2020 Jun 23;100(6):963-978. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa045. PMID: 32211862.
Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014 Aug 30;384(9945):766-81. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8. Epub 2014 May 29. Erratum in: Lancet. 2014 Aug 30;384(9945):746. PMID: 24880830; PMCID: PMC4624264.
Durrer Schutz D, Busetto L, Dicker D, et al. European Practical and Patient-Centred Guidelines for Adult Obesity Management in Primary Care. Obes Facts. 2019;12(1):40-66. doi: 10.1159/000496183. Epub 2019 Jan 23. PMID: 30673677; PMCID: PMC6465693.
Garvey WT, Mechanick JI, Brett EM, et al. Reviewers of the AACE/ACE Obesity Clinical Practice Guidelines. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR MEDICAL CARE OF PATIENTS WITH OBESITY. Endocr Pract. 2016 Jul;22 Suppl 3:1-203. doi: 10.4158/EP161365.GL. Epub 2016 May 24. PMID: 27219496.
Yumuk V, Tsigos C, Fried M, et al. Obesity Management Task Force of the European Association for the Study of Obesity. European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults. Obes Facts. 2015;8(6):402-24. doi: 10.1159/000442721. Epub 2015 Dec 5. Erratum in: Obes Facts. 2016;9(1):64. PMID: 26641646; PMCID: PMC5644856.
Birinci Basamak Sağlık Kurumları İçin Obezite ve Diyabet Klinik Rehberi. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, 1070, Ankara 2017.
Raynor HA, Champagne CM. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Interventions for the Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016 Jan;116(1):129-147. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.10.031. PMID: 26718656.
Liguori, Gary, and American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020.
Piercy KL, Troiano RP, Ballard RM, et al. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. JAMA. 2018 Nov 20;320(19):2020-2028. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.14854. PMID: 30418471; PMCID: PMC9582631.
Mezzani A, Hamm LF, Jones AM, et al. European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation; American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation. Aerobic exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiac rehabilitation: a joint position statement of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2013 Jun;20(3):442-67. doi: 10.1177/2047487312460484. Epub 2012 Oct 26. PMID: 23104970.
Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, et al. American College of Sports Medicine; American Heart Association. Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007 Aug 28;116(9):1081-93. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185649. Epub 2007 Aug 1. PMID: 17671237.
Tudor-Locke C, Bassett DR Jr. How many steps/day are enough? Preliminary pedometer indices for public health. Sports Med. 2004;34(1):1-8. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200434010-00001. PMID: 14715035.
Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J, Krieger J. How many times per week should a muscle be trained to maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the effects of resistance training frequency. J Sports Sci. 2019 Jun;37(11):1286-1295. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1555906. Epub 2018 Dec 17. PMID: 30558493.
Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, et al. American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Jul;43(7):1334-59. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb. PMID: 21694556.
Wernbom M, Augustsson J, Thomeé R. The influence of frequency, intensity, volume and mode of strength training on whole muscle cross-sectional area in humans. Sports Med. 2007;37(3):225-64. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200737030-00004. PMID: 17326698.
Gibala, Martin J., Jennifer J. Heisz, and Aimee J. Nelson. "Interval training for cardiometabolic and brain health." ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal 22.6 (2018): 30-34.
Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Skrepnik M, Davies TB, Mikulic P. Effects of Rest Interval Duration in Resistance Training on Measures of Muscular Strength: A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2018 Jan;48(1):137-151. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0788-x. PMID: 28933024.
Donnelly E, Jakicic M, Pronk NP. Is resistance exercise effective for weight management? Evid Based Prev Med. 2004;1:21–9.
Pages
55-70
Published
April 3, 2023
Copyright (c) 2023 Academician Book Portal
License
LicenseHow to Cite
1.
Kılıç Z. Obezite Rehabilitasyonu. In: Kelle B, editor. Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyonda Güncel Konular [Internet]. Türkiye: Academician Publishing Book DOI Portal; 2023 [cited 2026 Jul. 16]. pp. 55-70. Available from: https://omp35.books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/book/2533/chapter/13792
