Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Synopsis
Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common gynecological condition that affects women of all ages, posing significant challenges in clinical practice. This condition, characterized by bleeding patterns that deviate from the expected norm, can have a profound impact on a woman's quality of life, physical health, and emotional well-being. The PALM-COEIN classification system, developed by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, provides a comprehensive and systematic approach to understanding the underlying causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. (1) This abstract aims to provide an overview of the PALM-COEIN classification and its significance in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding.
References
Fonda, J., Rodgers, R. J., & Ledger, W. J. (2021). References. In J. Fonda, R. J. Rodgers, & W. J. Ledger, Cambridge University Press eBooks (p. 77). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108893794.013.
Wouk, N., & Helton, M. (2019). Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Premenopausal Women.
Fraser, I. S., Critchley, H., Broder, M. S., & Munro, M. G. (2011). The FIGO Recommendations on Terminologies and Definitions for Normal and Abnormal Uterine Bleeding [Review of The FIGO Recommendations on Terminologies and Definitions for Normal and Abno.
Munro, M. G. (2012). Classification of menstrual bleeding disorders [Review of Classification of menstrual bleeding disorders]. 13(4), 225. Springer Science+Business Media.
Ramalho, I., Leite, H. B., & Águas, F. (2021). Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents: A Multidisciplinary Approach [Review of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents: A Multidisciplinary Approach]. 34(4), 291. Ordem dos Médicos.
Marnach, M. L., & Laughlin-Tommaso, S. K. (n.d.). Evaluation and Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.
Khrouf, M., & Terras, K. (2014). Diagnosis and Management of Formerly Called ‘“Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding”’ According to PALM-COEIN FIGO Classification and the New Guidelines.
Côté, I., Jacobs, P., & Cumming, D. (2008). Use of the menstrual and uterine bleeding questionnaire in clinical practice. Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 53(6), 515–522.
Savelli, L., De Iaco, P., Santini, D., et al. (2003). Histopathologic features and risk factors for endometrial polyps in women with abnormal uterine bleeding: A review. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 22(9), 869–874.
Fraser, I. S., Critchley, H. O. D., Munro, M. G., & Broder, M. S. (2009). Can we achieve international agreement on terminologies and definitions used to describe abnormalities of menstrual bleeding? Human Reproduction, 22(3), 635–643.
Munro, M. G. (2012). Classification of menstrual bleeding disorders [Review of Classification of menstrual bleeding disorders]. 13(4), 225. Springer Science+Business Media.
Töz, E., Sancı, M., Özcan, A., Beyan, E., & İnan, A. H. (2016). Comparison of classic terminology with the FIGO PALM-COEIN system for classification of the underlying causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. .
Benetti-Pinto, C. L., Japur de Sá Rosa-e-Silva, A. C., Angerame Yela, D., & Soares Júnior, J. M. (2017). Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. .
Bahamondes, L., & Ali, M. (2015). Recent advances in managing and understanding menstrual disorders [Review of Recent advances in managing and understanding menstrual disorders]. 7. Faculty of 1000. .
Lonky, N. M., Chiu, V., Portugal, C., Estrada, E. L., Chang, J., Fischer, H., Vora, J., Harrison, L. I., Peng, L., & Munro, M. G. (2023). Adenomyosis in women undergoing hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding associated with uterine leiomyomas (By N. .
Alshdaifat, E., Al-Horani, S., Al-Sous, M. M., Al-Horani, S., Sahawneh, F. E., & Sindiani, A. (2022). Histopathological pattern of endometrial biopsies in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding in a tertiary referral hospital in Jordan. In E. Alshdaifat,.
Gunasena, G. G. A., & Jayasundara, D. M. C. S. (2017). Clinical utility of PALM-COEIN classification for abnormal uterine bleeding. In G. G. A. Gunasena & D. M. C. S. Jayasundara, Sri Lanka Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Vol. 39, Issue 3, p. 49). .
Munro, M. G., Critchley, H. O. D., Broder, M. S., & Fraser, I. S. (2011). FIGO classification system (PALM-COEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age. .
Farquhar, C., Ekeroma, A., Furness, S., & Arroll, B. (2003). A systematic review of transvaginal ultrasonography, sonohysterography and hysteroscopy for the investigation of abnormal uterine bleeding in premenopausal women [Review of A systematic review o.
Abbott, J. A. (2017). Adenomyosis and Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB-A)dPathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.
Vannuccini, S., & Petraglia, F. (2019). Recent advances in understanding and managing adenomyosis (By S. Vannuccini & F. Petraglia; Vol. 8, p. 283). Faculty of 1000.
Manfredi, R., Gui, B., Maresca, G., Fanfani, F., & Bonomo, L. (2005). Endometrial cancer: magnetic resonance imaging [Review of Endometrial cancer: magnetic resonance imaging]. 30(5), 626. Springer Nature. .
GUPTA, J. K., CHIEN, P. F. W., VOIT, D., CLARK, T. J., & KHAN, K. S. (2002). Ultrasonographic endometrial thickness for diagnosing endometrial pathology in women with postmenopausal bleeding: a meta-analysis. .
Jewson, M., Purohit, P., & Lumsden, M. A. (2020). Progesterone and abnormal uterine bleeding/ menstrual disorders. .
Fonda, J., Rodgers, R. J., & Ledger, W. J. (2021). References. In J. Fonda, R. J. Rodgers, & W. J. Ledger, Cambridge University Press eBooks (p. 77). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108893794.013.
Wouk, N., & Helton, M. (2019). Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Premenopausal Women.
Wouk, N., & Helton, M. (2019). Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Premenopausal Women.
Fraser, I. S., Critchley, H., Broder, M. S., & Munro, M. G. (2011). The FIGO Recommendations on Terminologies and Definitions for Normal and Abnormal Uterine Bleeding [Review of The FIGO Recommendations on Terminologies and Definitions for Normal and Abno.
Munro, M. G. (2012). Classification of menstrual bleeding disorders [Review of Classification of menstrual bleeding disorders]. 13(4), 225. Springer Science+Business Media.
Ramalho, I., Leite, H. B., & Águas, F. (2021). Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents: A Multidisciplinary Approach [Review of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents: A Multidisciplinary Approach]. 34(4), 291. Ordem dos Médicos.
Marnach, M. L., & Laughlin-Tommaso, S. K. (n.d.). Evaluation and Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.
Khrouf, M., & Terras, K. (2014). Diagnosis and Management of Formerly Called ‘“Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding”’ According to PALM-COEIN FIGO Classification and the New Guidelines.
Côté, I., Jacobs, P., & Cumming, D. (2008). Use of the menstrual and uterine bleeding questionnaire in clinical practice. Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 53(6), 515–522.
Savelli, L., De Iaco, P., Santini, D., et al. (2003). Histopathologic features and risk factors for endometrial polyps in women with abnormal uterine bleeding: A review. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 22(9), 869–874.
Fraser, I. S., Critchley, H. O. D., Munro, M. G., & Broder, M. S. (2009). Can we achieve international agreement on terminologies and definitions used to describe abnormalities of menstrual bleeding? Human Reproduction, 22(3), 635–643.
Munro, M. G. (2012). Classification of menstrual bleeding disorders [Review of Classification of menstrual bleeding disorders]. 13(4), 225. Springer Science+Business Media.
Töz, E., Sancı, M., Özcan, A., Beyan, E., & İnan, A. H. (2016). Comparison of classic terminology with the FIGO PALM-COEIN system for classification of the underlying causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. .
Benetti-Pinto, C. L., Japur de Sá Rosa-e-Silva, A. C., Angerame Yela, D., & Soares Júnior, J. M. (2017). Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. .
Bahamondes, L., & Ali, M. (2015). Recent advances in managing and understanding menstrual disorders [Review of Recent advances in managing and understanding menstrual disorders]. 7. Faculty of 1000. .
Lonky, N. M., Chiu, V., Portugal, C., Estrada, E. L., Chang, J., Fischer, H., Vora, J., Harrison, L. I., Peng, L., & Munro, M. G. (2023). Adenomyosis in women undergoing hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding associated with uterine leiomyomas (By N. .
Alshdaifat, E., Al-Horani, S., Al-Sous, M. M., Al-Horani, S., Sahawneh, F. E., & Sindiani, A. (2022). Histopathological pattern of endometrial biopsies in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding in a tertiary referral hospital in Jordan. In E. Alshdaifat,.
Gunasena, G. G. A., & Jayasundara, D. M. C. S. (2017). Clinical utility of PALM-COEIN classification for abnormal uterine bleeding. In G. G. A. Gunasena & D. M. C. S. Jayasundara, Sri Lanka Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Vol. 39, Issue 3, p. 49). .
Munro, M. G., Critchley, H. O. D., Broder, M. S., & Fraser, I. S. (2011). FIGO classification system (PALM-COEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age. .
Farquhar, C., Ekeroma, A., Furness, S., & Arroll, B. (2003). A systematic review of transvaginal ultrasonography, sonohysterography and hysteroscopy for the investigation of abnormal uterine bleeding in premenopausal women [Review of A systematic review o.
Abbott, J. A. (2017). Adenomyosis and Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB-A)dPathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.
Vannuccini, S., & Petraglia, F. (2019). Recent advances in understanding and managing adenomyosis (By S. Vannuccini & F. Petraglia; Vol. 8, p. 283). Faculty of 1000.
Manfredi, R., Gui, B., Maresca, G., Fanfani, F., & Bonomo, L. (2005). Endometrial cancer: magnetic resonance imaging [Review of Endometrial cancer: magnetic resonance imaging]. 30(5), 626. Springer Nature. .
GUPTA, J. K., CHIEN, P. F. W., VOIT, D., CLARK, T. J., & KHAN, K. S. (2002). Ultrasonographic endometrial thickness for diagnosing endometrial pathology in women with postmenopausal bleeding: a meta-analysis. .
Jewson, M., Purohit, P., & Lumsden, M. A. (2020). Progesterone and abnormal uterine bleeding/ menstrual disorders. .
Fonda, J., Rodgers, R. J., & Ledger, W. J. (2021). References. In J. Fonda, R. J. Rodgers, & W. J. Ledger, Cambridge University Press eBooks (p. 77). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108893794.013.
Wouk, N., & Helton, M. (2019). Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Premenopausal Women.
Pages
1-8
Published
January 27, 2025
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