The Importance of Nursing Care in Child Sexual Abuse Examinations
Özet
Child sexual abuse is a type of child abuse that is usually hidden and difficult to detect due to the tendency of victims not to report the abuse. Psychological and physical symptoms may be observed in victims, but the specificity of these symptoms is low. Therefore, examinations for sexual abuse and the specific findings that can be detected in these examinations are important. Nurses may be the first person to encounter the forensic case, the first person to enter into communication and the first person to contact the victim/suspect during examination, treatment and care. The role of the nurse in forensic cases is also very important. Nurses, who play an important role in forensic reporting, collection and protection of evidence, are an essential part of the team in sexual abuse examinations, which require highly specialised and specific training, knowledge, experience and teamwork. Forensic medical examiners and nurses should play an active role before, during and after the sexual abuse examination, which can be traumatic for the victim. It is one of the requirements of modern medicine that cases are handled by a team of professionals specially trained in this field.
Referanslar
Organization WH. Child maltreatment. 2022 (Accessed from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/child-maltreatment on 10/08/2024)
Organization WH. Report of the consultation on child abuse prevention, 1999. (Accessed from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/65900/WHO_HSC_?sequence=1 on 10/08/2024)
McElvaney R. Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse: Delays, Non‐disclosure and Partial Disclosure. What the Research Tells Us and Implications for Practice. Child Abuse Rev. 2015;24(3):159–69.
Hu MH, Huang GS, Huang JL, Wu CT, Chao AS, Lo FS, et al. Clinical characteristic and risk factors of recurrent sexual abuse and delayed reported sexual abuse in childhood. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(14):e0236.
Stoltenborgh M, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Alink LRA, van IJzendoorn MH. The Prevalence of Child Maltreatment across the Globe: Review of a Series of Meta-Analyses. Child Abuse Rev. 2015;24(1):37–50.
Pereda N, Guilera G, Forns M, Gómez-Benito J. The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2009;29(4):328–38.
Barth J, Bermetz L, Heim E, Trelle S, Tonia T. The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Public Health. 2013;58(3):469–83.
US Department of Justice; Office of Justice Programs; Bureau of Justice Statistics. Sexual Assault of Young Children as Reported to Law Enforcement: Victim, Incident, and Offender Characteristics. 2000. (Accessed from http://doi.apa.org/get-pe-doi.cfm?doi=10.1037/e377732004-001 on 10/08/2024)
Whitelock CF, Lamb ME, Rentfrow PJ. Overcoming Trauma: Psychological and Demographic Characteristics of Child Sexual Abuse Survivors in Adulthood. Clin Psychol Sci. 2013;1(4):351–62.
Assink M, van der Put CE, Meeuwsen MWCM, de Jong NM, Oort FJ, Stams GJJM, et al. Risk factors for child sexual abuse victimization: A meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2019;145(5):459–89.
Dokgöz H. Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler. Akademisyen Kitabevi; 2019. 433–68 p.
Maniglio R. The impact of child sexual abuse on health: A systematic review of reviews. Clin Psychol Rev. 2009;29(7):647–57.
Hailes HP, Yu R, Danese A, Fazel S. Long-term outcomes of childhood sexual abuse: an umbrella review. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019;6(10):830–9.
Wilson DR. Health Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2010;46(1):56–64.
Herrmann B, Banaschak S, Csorba R, Navratil F, Dettmeyer R. Physical Examination in Child Sexual Abuse. Dtsch Ärztebl Int. 2014;111(41):692–703.
Berkowitz CD. Healing of Genital Injuries. J Child Sex Abuse. 2011;20(5):537–47.
Smith TD, Raman SR, Madigan S, Waldman J, Shouldice M. Anogenital Findings in 3569 Pediatric Examinations for Sexual Abuse/Assault. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2018;31(2):79–83.
Pierce AgnesM. Anal fissures and anal scars in anal abuse?are they significant? Pediatr Surg Int. 2004;20(5):334–8.
Kellogg ND, Farst KJ, Adams JA. Interpretation of medical findings in suspected child sexual abuse: An update for 2023. Child Abuse Negl. 2023;145:106283.
Ladd M, Seda J. Sexual Assault Evidence Collection. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 (Accessed from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554497/ on 10/08/2024)
Thiede E, Miyamoto S. Rural Availability of Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANEs). J Rural Health. 2021;37(1):81–91.
Resnick HS, Holmes MM, Kilpatrick DG, Clum G, Acierno R, Best CL, et al. Predictors of post-rape medical care in a national sample of women1. Am J Prev Med. 2000;19(4):214–9.
Özden D, Yıldırım N. Adli Vakaya Hemşirelerin Yaklaşımı. Hacet Üniversitesi Hemşire Fakültesi Derg. 2009;16(3):73–81.
Bulechek GM, Butcher HK, Dochterman JM, Wagner C, Erdemir F, Kav S, et al. Hemşirelik girişimleri sınıflaması (NIC). Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2017.
Kaba Ö. Cinsel Saldırı Olgularının Muayenesinde Hemşirenin Rolünün Belirlenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi; 2013.
Lynch VA, Duval JB. Forensic Nursing Science. 2nd ed. Elseiver; 527–79 p.
SANE Program Development and Operation Guide. (Accessed from https://www.ovcttac.gov/saneguide/introduction/ on 10/08/2024)
Hornor G, Scribano P, Curran S, Stevens J, Roda D. Emotional response to the ano-genital examination of suspected sexual abuse. J Forensic Nurs. 2009;5(3):124.
Fehler-Cabral G, Campbell R, Patterson D. Adult Sexual Assault Survivors’ Experiences With Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANEs). J Interpers Violence. 2011;26(18):3618–39.
Campbell R, Townsend SM, Long SM, Kinnison KE, Pulley EM, Adames SB, et al. Responding to sexual assault victims’ medical and emotional needs: A national study of the services provided by SANE programs. Res Nurs Health. 2006;29(5):384–98.
Sievers V, Murphy S, Miller JJ. Sexual assault evidence collection more accurate when completed by sexual assault nurse examiners: Colorado’s experience. J Emerg Nurs. 2003;29(6):511–4.
Organization WH. Report of the consultation on child abuse prevention, 1999. (Accessed from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/65900/WHO_HSC_?sequence=1 on 10/08/2024)
McElvaney R. Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse: Delays, Non‐disclosure and Partial Disclosure. What the Research Tells Us and Implications for Practice. Child Abuse Rev. 2015;24(3):159–69.
Hu MH, Huang GS, Huang JL, Wu CT, Chao AS, Lo FS, et al. Clinical characteristic and risk factors of recurrent sexual abuse and delayed reported sexual abuse in childhood. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(14):e0236.
Stoltenborgh M, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Alink LRA, van IJzendoorn MH. The Prevalence of Child Maltreatment across the Globe: Review of a Series of Meta-Analyses. Child Abuse Rev. 2015;24(1):37–50.
Pereda N, Guilera G, Forns M, Gómez-Benito J. The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2009;29(4):328–38.
Barth J, Bermetz L, Heim E, Trelle S, Tonia T. The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Public Health. 2013;58(3):469–83.
US Department of Justice; Office of Justice Programs; Bureau of Justice Statistics. Sexual Assault of Young Children as Reported to Law Enforcement: Victim, Incident, and Offender Characteristics. 2000. (Accessed from http://doi.apa.org/get-pe-doi.cfm?doi=10.1037/e377732004-001 on 10/08/2024)
Whitelock CF, Lamb ME, Rentfrow PJ. Overcoming Trauma: Psychological and Demographic Characteristics of Child Sexual Abuse Survivors in Adulthood. Clin Psychol Sci. 2013;1(4):351–62.
Assink M, van der Put CE, Meeuwsen MWCM, de Jong NM, Oort FJ, Stams GJJM, et al. Risk factors for child sexual abuse victimization: A meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2019;145(5):459–89.
Dokgöz H. Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler. Akademisyen Kitabevi; 2019. 433–68 p.
Maniglio R. The impact of child sexual abuse on health: A systematic review of reviews. Clin Psychol Rev. 2009;29(7):647–57.
Hailes HP, Yu R, Danese A, Fazel S. Long-term outcomes of childhood sexual abuse: an umbrella review. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019;6(10):830–9.
Wilson DR. Health Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2010;46(1):56–64.
Herrmann B, Banaschak S, Csorba R, Navratil F, Dettmeyer R. Physical Examination in Child Sexual Abuse. Dtsch Ärztebl Int. 2014;111(41):692–703.
Berkowitz CD. Healing of Genital Injuries. J Child Sex Abuse. 2011;20(5):537–47.
Smith TD, Raman SR, Madigan S, Waldman J, Shouldice M. Anogenital Findings in 3569 Pediatric Examinations for Sexual Abuse/Assault. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2018;31(2):79–83.
Pierce AgnesM. Anal fissures and anal scars in anal abuse?are they significant? Pediatr Surg Int. 2004;20(5):334–8.
Kellogg ND, Farst KJ, Adams JA. Interpretation of medical findings in suspected child sexual abuse: An update for 2023. Child Abuse Negl. 2023;145:106283.
Ladd M, Seda J. Sexual Assault Evidence Collection. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 (Accessed from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554497/ on 10/08/2024)
Thiede E, Miyamoto S. Rural Availability of Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANEs). J Rural Health. 2021;37(1):81–91.
Resnick HS, Holmes MM, Kilpatrick DG, Clum G, Acierno R, Best CL, et al. Predictors of post-rape medical care in a national sample of women1. Am J Prev Med. 2000;19(4):214–9.
Özden D, Yıldırım N. Adli Vakaya Hemşirelerin Yaklaşımı. Hacet Üniversitesi Hemşire Fakültesi Derg. 2009;16(3):73–81.
Bulechek GM, Butcher HK, Dochterman JM, Wagner C, Erdemir F, Kav S, et al. Hemşirelik girişimleri sınıflaması (NIC). Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2017.
Kaba Ö. Cinsel Saldırı Olgularının Muayenesinde Hemşirenin Rolünün Belirlenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi; 2013.
Lynch VA, Duval JB. Forensic Nursing Science. 2nd ed. Elseiver; 527–79 p.
SANE Program Development and Operation Guide. (Accessed from https://www.ovcttac.gov/saneguide/introduction/ on 10/08/2024)
Hornor G, Scribano P, Curran S, Stevens J, Roda D. Emotional response to the ano-genital examination of suspected sexual abuse. J Forensic Nurs. 2009;5(3):124.
Fehler-Cabral G, Campbell R, Patterson D. Adult Sexual Assault Survivors’ Experiences With Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANEs). J Interpers Violence. 2011;26(18):3618–39.
Campbell R, Townsend SM, Long SM, Kinnison KE, Pulley EM, Adames SB, et al. Responding to sexual assault victims’ medical and emotional needs: A national study of the services provided by SANE programs. Res Nurs Health. 2006;29(5):384–98.
Sievers V, Murphy S, Miller JJ. Sexual assault evidence collection more accurate when completed by sexual assault nurse examiners: Colorado’s experience. J Emerg Nurs. 2003;29(6):511–4.
Sayfalar
65-72
Gelecek
15 Ocak 2025
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